Unleashing the financial aspect of Covid-19: How organizations managed the crisis?

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics of the respondents

SECTION A: RESPONDENTS’ BACKGROUND INFORMATION (n=633)
	PAK	n=217	USA	n=207
Gender	Male	Female	Male	Female
	127	90	119	88
Total	217		207
Covid +	67	33	51	31
Covid -	60	57	68	57
Age
Less than 25 years	14	10	13	11
26–35 years	58	45	45	34
36–45 years	44	28	44	27
46 years and above	11	7	17	16
Total	127	90	119	88
Education
Bachelors	51	41	54	40
Masters	58	37	46	31
Others	18	12	19	17
Total	127	90	119	88
Professions
Pharmaceutical & healthcare Institutions	28	22	30	26
Supply Chain Companies	31	20	32	21
Financial Institutions	50	38	43	36
Others	18	10	14	5
Total	127	90	119	88
Experience Level
Less than 5 years	40	29	47	30
6–10 years	51	42	39	33
11–15 years	12	6	17	16
16 years and above	9	3	11	6
Others	15	10	5	3
Total	127	90	119	88

Source: Authors own source

Figure 1. Theoretical linkage.

Table 2. Model fit and quality indices

No	Model fit and quality indices	Criteria fit	Results	Remarks
1	Average path coefficient (APC)	P<0.001	0.197	Good
2	Average R-squared (ARS)	P<0.001	0.112	Good
3	Average adjusted R-squared (AARS)	P<0.001	0.108	Good
4	Average block VIF (AVIF)	acceptable if ≤ 5, ideally ≤ 3.3	1.045	ideally
5	Average full collinearity VIF (AFVIF)	acceptable if ≤ 5, ideally ≤ 3.3	1.088	ideally
8	R-squared contribution ratio (RSCR)	acceptable if ≥ 0.9, ideally = 1	1.000	ideally
9	Statistical suppression ratio (SSR)	acceptable if ≥ 0.7	1.000	ideally
10	Nonlinear bivariate causality direction ratio (NLBCDR)	acceptable if ≥ 0.7	0.875	ideally

Source: Authors own source

Table 3. Measurement model

Constructs	Group A			Group B
	α	CR	AVE	α	CR	AVE
PCV19	0.843	0.905	0.761	0.885	0.908	0.622
FAO	0.980	0.985	0.944	0.937	0.951	0.766
AJSE	0.781	0.859	0.604	0.985	0.988	0.930
UJMJO	0.869	0.920	0.794	0.876	0.916	0.733
AJSE*FA	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000

Source: Authors own source

Note: Group A reflects United States and Group B reflects Pakistan.

Table 4. Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio (HTMT)

Construct	1	2	3	4	5
(1) PCV19
(2) FAO	0.575
(3) AJSE	0.368	0.473
(4) UJMJO	0.372	0.477	0.633
(5) AJSE*FA	0.561	0.741	0.472	0.476

Source: Authors own source

Table 5. Coefficient of determination in the PLS method

Construct	Group A			Group B
Construct	R Square	R Square Adjusted	Q^2	R Square	R Square Adjusted	Q^2
FAO	0.155	0.153	0.200	0.139	0.135	0.240
UJMJO	0.170	0.163	0.350	0.483	0.479	0.472

Source: Authors own source

Note: Group A reflects the United States and Group B reflects Pakistan.

Table 6. Path coefficient direct effect and indirect effect

Hypotheses	Relationship between Constructs	Group A			Group B			Results for Group Pair
	Direct Effect	β	p	Remarks	β	p	Remarks	β	p	Remarks
H1	PCV19 ->FAO	0.403*	0.016	S	0.169**	0.003	S	0.107*	0.013	S
H2	PCV19-> UJMJO	0.132*	0.04	S	0.467*	0.007	S	0.286*	0.036	S
H3	FAO -> UJMJO	0.214*	0.021	S	0.037*	0.068	NS	0.324*	0.013	S
Mediating Effect
H4	PCV19->FAO -> UJMJO	0.086*	0.039	S	0.006	0.058	NS	0.034**	0.005	S
Moderating Effect
H5	FAO * AJSE-> UJMJO	0.022*	0.063	NS	0.141*	0.010	S	0.170 *	0.043	S

Source: Authors own source

Note: Group A reflects United States and Group B reflects Pakistan.

*p<0.05, **p<0.01.