English learning motivation with TAM: Undergraduates’ behavioral intention to use Chinese indigenous social media platforms for English learning

Figures & data

Figure 1. Technology acceptance model (Davis, 1989).

Note: PEOU = perceived ease of use; PU = perceived usefulness; AU = attitude towards use; BI = behavioral intention.

Figure 2. The conceptual model.

Table 1. Reliability and validity of the measurement model

Items	Factor loading		AVE		CR		Cronbach’s alpha
	WeChat	Bilibili	WeChat	Bilibili	WeChat	Bilibili	WeChat	Bilibili
PEOU			0.710	0.681	0.906	0.894	0.855	0.837
PEOU1	0.900	0.895
PEOU2	0.886	0.873
PEOU3	0.881	0.825
PEOU4	0.684	0.694
PU			0.832	0.816	0.967	0.964	0.960	0.955
PU1	0.925	0.909
PU2	0.920	0.907
PU3	0.915	0.908
PU4	0.912	0.900
PU5	0.903	0.909
PU6	0.898	0.888
PE			0.623	0.599	0.866	0.853	0.788	0.761
PE1	0.868	0.874
PE2	0.859	0.861
PE3	0.798	0.778
PE4	0.603	0.535
BI			0.778	0.848	0.946	0.957	0.938	0.940
BI1	0.943	0.946
BI2	0.921	0.922
BI3	0.913	0.909
BI4	0.897	0.906
ELM			0.762		0.941		0.920
ELM1	0.932
ELM2	0.931
ELM3	0.918
ELM4	0.848
ELM5	0.717

PEOU = perceived ease of use; PU = perceived usefulness; PE = perceived enjoyment; BI = behavioral intention to use; ELM = English learning motivation; CR = composite reliability; AVE = average variance extracted.

Table 2. Discriminant validity of the measurement model

WeChat		PEOU	PU	PE	ELM	BI
	PEOU	.843
	PU	.506	.912
	PE	.407	.750	.789
	ELM	.286	.487	.429	0.873
	BI	.449	.742	.671	0.562	0.882
Bilibili		PEOU	PU	PE	ELM	BI
	PEOU	.825
	PU	.615	.903
	PE	.480	.740	.774
	ELM	.288	.446	.427	0.873
	BI	.543	.768	.623	0.540	0.921

PEOU = perceived ease of use; PU = perceived usefulness; PE = perceived enjoyment; BI = behavioral intention to use; ELM = English learning motivation; The bold diagonal elements are the square roots of AVE of each construct; off-diagonal elements are correlations of constructs.

Table 3. Direct and indirect effects of the structural model (WeChat)

	Product of coefficient				Bootstrapping 2000 times 95% CI
Path relationship	Point estimate	S.E.	Z	p	Lower 2.5%	Upper 2.5%
Direct effects
PEOU→BI	.074	0.033	2.237	.025	0.010	.148
PU→BI	.294	0.099	2.987	.003	0.066	.445
PE→BI	.358	0.102	3.514	.000	0.208	.666
PEOU→PU	.125	0.030	4.208	.000	0.070	.187
PE→PU	.793	0.043	18.641	.000	0.697	.864
ELM→BI	.241	0.050	4.779	.000	0.151	.360
ELM→PU	.060	0.039	1.531	.126	−0.014	.143
Indirect effects
PEOU→PU→BI	.037	0.016	2.342	.019	0.011	.073
PE→PU→BI	.233	0.076	3.056	.002	0.064	.388
ELM→PU→BI	.018	0.014	1.245	.213	−0.001	.059

PEOU = perceived ease of use; PU = perceived usefulness; PE = perceived enjoyment; BI = behavioral intention to use; ELM = English learning motivation.

Table 4. Direct and indirect effects of the structural model (Bilibili)

	Product of coefficient				Bootstrapping 2000 times 95% CI
Path relationship	Point estimate	S.E.	Z	p	Lower 2.5%	Upper 2.5%
Direct effects
PEOU→BI	.115	0.039	2.938	.003	0.040	.191
PU→BI	.489	0.083	5.866	.000	0.338	.659
PE→BI	.120	0.090	1.328	.184	−0.067	.291
PEOU→PU	.199	0.042	4.717	.000	0.125	.289
PE→PU	.760	0.041	18.683	.000	0.677	.840
ELM→BI	.268	0.046	5.823	.000	0.178	.353
ELM→PU	.031	0.029	1.096	.273	−0.027	.075
Indirect effects
PEOU→PU→BI	.097	0.029	3.403	.001	0.050	.166
PE→PU→BI	.371	0.064	5.770	.000	0.261	.517
ELM→PU→BI	.015	0.014	0.104	.270	−0.012	.042

PEOU = perceived ease of use; PU = perceived usefulness; PE = perceived enjoyment; BI = behavioral intention to use; ELM = English learning motivation.

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(2), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008

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Data availability statement

The datasets generated for this study are available on request to the corresponding author.