Internet utilization and Indonesian female entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 pandemic

Figures & data

Table 1. Summary statistics

	Mean	SD
Dependent Variables
Women Entrepreneur	0.365	0.481
Log Earnings	13.905	1.004
Independent Variables
Internet	0.255	0.436
Urban	0.435	0.495
Training (Kartu Prakerja)	0.057	0.232
Senior High Academic & Vocational	0.261	0.439
Diploma & University	0.107	0.309
Age	40.669	16.540
Age squared	1927.631	1483.418
Experience	0.365	0.481
Married	0.653	0.475
Number of Families	4.043	1.687
Trade Sector	0.115	0.319
Food & Beverage Accommodation.	0.044	0.206
Agricultural Sector	0.182	0.386
Industry Sector	0.062	0.242
Services Sector	0.109	0.312
Interaction Variable
Internet * Age	9.244	16.782
Internet * Age Squared	367.109	766.352
Internet * Diploma & University	0.119	0.324
Internet * Senior High	0.091	0.288
Internet * Urban	0.160	0.367
Internet * Experience	0.093	0.291
Internet * Training (Kartu Prakerja)	0.037	0.189
Internet * Trade Sector	0.060	0.239
Internet * Food & Beverage Accomm.	0.018	0.134
Internet * Agricultural Sector	0.006	0.081
Internet * Industry Sector	0.026	0.161
Internet * Services Sector	0.134	0.340
Internet * Married	0.173	0.379
Internet * Number of HH. Member	1.046	1.952

Table 2. Probit regression results with interaction variables

Variable Dependent: 1 : Women Entrepreneur 0 : Non-Entrepreneur	Probit Without Interaction Effect		Probit With Interaction Effect
	Marginal Effect	P value	Marginal Effect	P-value
Internet Utilization	0.338	0.00	0.020	0.00
Urban Areas	−0.036	0.00	−0.024	0.00
Training (Kartu Prakerja)	0.041	0.00	0.073	0.00
Senior High Academic & Vocational	−0.015	0.01	−0.039	0.00
Diploma & University	−0.053	0.00	−0.112	0.00
Age	0.030	0.00	0.021	0.00
Age squared	−0.000	0.00	−0.000	0.00
Experience	0.014	0.01	0.041	0.00
Married	0.022	0.00	0.030	0.00
Number of Families	−0.004	0.02	−0.002	0.03
Sector of Employment
Trade Sector	0.129	0.00	0.180	0.00
Food & Beverage Accommodation	0.143	0.00	0.163	0.00
Agricultural Sector	−0.100	0.00	−0.073	0.00
Industry Sector	−0.031	0.18	0.025	0.04
Services Sector	−0.232	0.00	−0.243	0.00
Interaction Variable
Internet * Age			−0.018	0.00
Internet * Age Squared			0.000	0.00
Internet * Diploma & University			−0.095	0.00
Internet * Senior High			−0.056	0.00
Internet * Urban			0.023	0.00
Internet * Experience			0.048	0.00
Internet * Training (Kartu Prakerja)			0.039	0.03
Internet *Trade Sector			0.052	0.10
Internet * Food & Beverage Accomm.			−0.000	0.99
Internet * Agricultural Sector			0.080	0.05
Internet * Industry Sector			0.113	0.00
Internet * Services Sector			−0.000	0.97
Internet * Married			0.021	0.02
Internet * Number of HH. Member			0.002	0.25
No. observation		47566		47566
Pseudo R square		0.25		0.26

Table 3. Earnings equation for women entrepreneurs

Dependent Variable : Ln Income	Heckman		OLS
	Coef.	P>z	Coef.	P>z
Internet	0.723	0.00	0.327	0.00
Urban	0.133	0.00	0.215	0.00
Training (Kartu Prakerja)	−0.057	0.47	−0.162	0.00
Education
Senior High Academic & Vocational	0.055	0.15	0.364	0.00
Diploma & University	0.156	0.01	0.746	0.00
Ages
Age	0.102	0.00	0.031	0.00
Age squared	−0.001	0.00	−0.000	0.00
Experience	−0.136	0.00	−0.182	0.00
Sector of Employment
Trade Sector	0.924	0.00	−0.074	0.31
Food & Beverage Accommodation	0.912	0.00	0.077	0.06
Agricultural Sector	−0.031	0.82	−0.387	0.00
Industry Sector	0.247	0.10	0.043	0.55
Services Sector	0.032	0.82	−0.343	0.00
Interaction Variable
Internet * Age
Internet * Age Squared
Internet * Diploma & University	−0.070	0.36	0.033	0.39
Internet * Senior High	−0.106	0.07	0.046	0.18
Internet * Urban	0.010	0.84	0.124	0.00
Internet * Experience	0.075	0.12	0.071	0.00
Internet * Training (Kartu Prakerja)	0.061	0.53	−0.260	0.00
Internet * Trade Sector	−0.643	0.00	−0.322	0.00
Internet * Food & Beverage Accomm.	−0.595	0.00	−0.239	0.00
Internet * Agricultural Sector	0.009	0.97	0.311	0.00
Internet * Industry Sector	−0.336	0.04	−0.272	0.00
Internet * Services Sector	−0.359	0.05	−0.053	0.49
Internet * Married
Internet * Number of HH. Member
Constant	10.000	0.00	12.750	0.00
Lambda	0.562	0.00
No. observation		42673		34660
R square				0.235