“Caliphate no in Indonesia”: Nurcholish Madjid and Yudian Wahyudi critiques toward Islamic State discourse in Indonesian Islam

Figures & data

Table 1. The relationship between Pancasila and maqashid al-syariah, according to Yudian

No	Pancasila	Maqashid al-Syariah	Maqashid Indonesia
1	Belief in the one and only God. (Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa)	Hifdz -al-din (maintaining religion)	Divinity
2	A just and civilized humanity. (Kemanusiaan yang Adil dan Beradab)	Hifdz al-nafs (maintaining soul)	Humanity
3	Unity of Indonesia (Persatuan Indonesia)	Hifdz al-nasl (maintaining descendants)	Unity
4	Democracy, led by the wisdom of the representatives of the people (Kerakyatan yang Dipimpin oleh Hikmat Kebjaksanaan dalam Permusyawaratan/Perwakilan)	Hifdz al-‘aql (maintaining common sense)	Society
5	Social justice for all Indonesian people. (Keadilan Sosial bagi Seluruh Rakyat Indonesia)	Hifdz al-mal (maintaining the property)	Justice

Source: Compiled by researchers, 2022.

Table 2. Comparison of Nurcholish Madjid and Yudian Wahyudi’s thoughts on Islam and the caliphate as well as Pancasila

No	Aspects	Nurcholish Madjid	Yudian Wahyudi
1	Starting point or sociological setting	Stupidity, stagnation, the politicization of Islamic parties, and antagonistic relations between Islam and the state.	The rise of misguided Islamic scripturalism or revivalism, as well as harmonious relations between Islam and the state
2	Islam and the caliphate	Apologetic Tendencies and legalism	Non-dalil or argument and a history
3	Islam and Pancasila	Kalimatun sawa’ of open ideology	Kalimatun sawa’ + ijma’/ The greatest gift of the 20th century
4	Solution	Secularization or desacralization	Integrative or objective monotheism
5	Method of thought or epistemology	Philosophy or sociology	Maqashid al-Sharia or ushul fiqh

Source: Compiled by researchers, 2022.