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AREA STUDIES

Wellbeing, productivity and food security effects of multiple livelihood diversifications: Insight from kaffa zone, Ethiopia

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Article: 2282211 | Received 11 Sep 2023, Accepted 07 Nov 2023, Published online: 12 Dec 2023

Figures & data

Table 1. Livelihood diversification combinations and distribution of sample household heads based on their diversification status

Figure 1. Sex distribution of the sampled households.

Source: Authors’ own estimate, 2023
Note: Non D stands for non-diversifier, OFD-off-farm livelihood diversification, NFD-non-farm livelihood diversification, Both D – both diversifications.
Figure 1. Sex distribution of the sampled households.

Figure 2. Status of sampled households’ irrigation participation.

Source: Authors’ own estimate, 2023
Figure 2. Status of sampled households’ irrigation participation.

Figure 3. Various insects, pests and disease occurrence.

Source: Authors’ own estimate, 2023
Figure 3. Various insects, pests and disease occurrence.

Figure 4. Plot fertility of the sampled households.

Source: Authors’ own estimate, 2023
Figure 4. Plot fertility of the sampled households.

Table 2. Factors affecting livelihood diversification choice: MNL model result

Table 3. Average treatment effect estimates of the given LDSs: MESR model result

Table A1. Summary statistics of the variables used in the analysis

Table A2. Second stage estimates for wellbeing measured in annual consumption expenditure

Table A3. Second stage estimates for food security measured in daily calorie intake (KiloCal)

Table A4. Second stage estimates for maize productivity measured in net crop value (NCV)

Supplemental material

AUTHOR BIO AND PUBLIC INTEREST STATEMENT.docx

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