Association between self-esteem and health-related quality of life among elderly rural community, Northern Thailand

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of sample populations (n = 299)

Characteristics	n (%)
Gender Male Female	142 (47.5) 157 (52.5)
Age, mean±SD	68.7 ± 7.7
Age group 60–69 70–79 >80	199 (66.6) 67 (22.4) 33 (11.0)
Income, mean±SD	4973.6 ± 4167.7
Monthly income (Baht) <1,000 1,000–5,000 >5,000	22 (7.4) 190 (63.5) 87 (29.1)
Education ≤Primary school >Primary school	206 (68.9) 93 (31.1)
Marital status Single Married Other	33 (11.0) 187 (62.5) 79 (26.4)
Occupation Own business Agriculture General employee Unemployed Other	32 (10.7) 65 (21.7) 73 (24.4) 111 (37.1) 18 (6.0)
Living arrangement Not alone Alone	78 (93) 21 (7)
Congenital disease No Yes	161 (53.8) 138 (46.2)

Table 2. Self-esteem and HRQOL among older adults with socio-demographic variables

Variables	Group	Self-esteem (Mean±SD)	HRQOL (Mean±SD)
Gender	Male Female	31.02 ± 3.02 31.32 ± 3.21	90.77 ± 9.45 93.62 ± 9.6
Age group	60–69 70–79 80 and over	31.31 ± 3.06 31.59 ± 3.17 29.54 ± 3.04	93.84 ± 9.12 91.80 ± 8.13 83.72 ± 10.91
Income group	<1,000 1,000–5,000 >5,000	29.09 ± 2.48 31.96 ± 3.21 30.00 ± 2.42	90.95 ± 9.90 92.54 ± 9.96 92.01 ± 8.81
Education	≤Primary school >Primary school	31.62 ± 3.03 30.21 ± 3.13	93.31 ± 8.9 89.96 ± 10.64
Marital status	Single Married Other	29.84 ± 3.44 31.60 ± 3.03 30.74 ± 3.04	86.30 ± 14.04 93.98 ± 8.59 90.69 ± 8.46
Occupation	Own business Agriculture General employee Unemployed Other	31.59 ± 3.29 31.06 ± 2.84 31.68 ± 3.04 30.96 ± 3.29 30.22 ± 3.00	93.12 ± 8.01 93.03 ± 8.66 93.52 ± 9.05 90.37 ± 10.67 94.61 ± 9.92
Living arrangement	Not Alone Alone	31.17 ± 3.15 31.28 ± 2.90	92.35 ± 9.57 91.19 ± 10.31
Congenital disease	Yes No	30.58 ± 3.07 31.69 ± 3.09	90.36 ± 8.48 93.90 ± 10.24

Table 3. Factors related to self-esteem (n = 299)

Associated factors	Self-esteem, p value
Gender^a Male Female	0.414
Age^b	0.047*
Monthly income^b	0.026*
Education^a ≤Primary school >Primary school	<0.001***
Marital status^c Single Married Other	0.004**
Occupation^c Own business Agriculture General employee Unemployed Other	0.721
Congenital disease^a No Yes	0.002**

Note: ^aIndependent samples t-test, ^bPearson correlation coefficient, ^cANOVA, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

Table 4. Association between socio-demographic variables and HRQOL (n = 299)

Associated factors	Physical health p value	Psychological p value	Social relationships p value	Environment p value	Overall QoL p value
Gender^a Male Female	0.027*	0.007**	0.190	0.124	0.010*
Age^b	<0.001***	**0.001	<0.001***	<0.001***	<0.001***
Monthly income^b	0.904	0.427	0.023*	0.004**	0.196
Education ≤Primary school >Primary school	0.234	0.067	0.050	0.015*	0.005**
Marital status^c Single Married Other	0.004**	0.001**	<0.001***	<0.001***	<0.001***
Occupation^c Own business Agriculture General employee Unemployed Other	0.883	0.285	0.150	0.002**	0.353
Congenital disease^a No Yes	<0.001***	<0.001***	0.007**	0.508	0.001**

Note: ^aIndependent samples t-test,^b Pearson correlation coefficient, ^cANOVA, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

Table 5. Association self-esteem and HRQoL using multiple linear regression analysis

Associated factors	B	SE	p value
Self-esteem	1.654	0.150	<0.001

Note: adjust with age, gender, income, marital status, educational level, occupation, and underlying disease