Social differentiation, farming systems, and agrarian change in rural Ghana

Figures & data

Table 1. Traditional farming practices/technologies and types of farmlands.

Traditional farming practice/technology	Compound (kaduga) farmland	%	Lowland (bwolo) farmland	%	Bush (kara) farmland	%
Hand weeding with hoe	122	100	48	39.3	37	30.3
Animal traction	106	86.8	22	18	26	21.3
Own recycle seeds	119	97.5	48	39.3	46	37.7
Use of stick dibbler/hoe	94	77.1	36	29.5	31	25.4
Animal/compost manure	94	77.1	7	5.7	9	7.4
Mixed-cropping	86	70.4	8	6.6	15	12.3

Source: By author.

Table 2. Improved farming technologies and types of farmlands.

Improved farming practice/technology	Compound (kaduga) farms	%	Lowland (bwolo) farms	%	Bush (kara) farms	%
Chemical fertilizer	5	4.1	61	50	40	32.7
Herbicides	5	4.1	36	29.5	30	24.5
Certified/hybrid seeds	3	2.6	25	20.5	20	16.4
Tractor ploughing	4	3.3	40	32.8	35	28.7

Source: By author.

Figure 1. Bush farmland and cropping systems.

Source: By author.