Determinants of rural-urban migration in Duna district, Southern Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1. Conceptual framework.

Figure 2. Map of the study area.

Table 2. Description of independent variables.

Variable name	Variable type	Variable description and its measurement	Expected sign
Age	Continuous	In year	+
Sex	Dummy	If 1 = males, 0 = otherwise	–
Family size	Continuous	Number of family members	–
Educational status	Dummy	If 1= literate, 0 = otherwise	+
Marital status	Dummy	If 1 = married, 0 = otherwise	+
Landholding	Continuous	Hectare	–
Access to infrastructure	Dummy	If 1 = Yes,0 = otherwise	+
Soil infertility	Dummy	If 1 = Yes,0 = otherwise	+
The attitude of the urban area	Dummy	If 1 = Yes, 0 = otherwise	+
Access to credit	Dummy	If 1 = Yes, 0 = otherwise	+
Access to information	Dummy	If 1 = Yes, 0 = otherwise	+
Off-farm activity	Dummy	If 1 = Yes, 0 = otherwise	+
Distance to the nearest town	Continuous	In working minutes	–

Source: Authors hypothesis 2021/22.

Table 3. Sample rural-urban migration status.

Rural-urban migration status	Frequency	Percent	Cumm. Percent
Rural-urban migration	102	54.55	54.55
Non rural-urban migration	85	45.45	100
Total	187	100

Source: Computed from own survey data 2021/22.

Table 4. Descriptive analysis for explanatory variables.

Continuous Variables	Mean	Std. Dev	Min	Max	p Value
Age	55.70	12.35	27	80	0.706
Fsize	5.31	1.47	2	8	0.000***
Lah	2.27	0.27	1	2.75	0.000***
Dnt	3	0.45	1.50	4.50	0.000***
Dummy variables	Mean	Std. Dev.	0 (%)	1(%)	p Value
Sex	0.6	0.35	28.85	71.17	0.417
Edu	0.57	0.31	35.80	64.20	0.000***
Mas	0.59	0.47	36.75	63.25	0.000***
Air	0.84	0.57	40	60	0.605
Soi	0.72	0.67	46	54	0.000***
Aua	0.87	0.45	39	61	0.000***
Acc	0.4	0.38	48.62	51.38	0.000***
Aif	0.62	0.46	32	68	0.000***
Ofa	0.54	0.51	47	53	0.000***

Source: Computed from Survey Data 2021/22. T-values were used to measure continuous explanatory variables, and Pearson’s χ2 values were used to measure dummy explanatory variables. *** represent 1% significance level

Table 5. Estimates of determinants of rural-urban migration (n = 187).

Variables	Robust coef	Std. Err	Z-value	P > | z |	dF/dx
Age	0.213**	0.126	1.31	0.025	0.0743
Sex	−1.326	0.244	−0.75	0.135	0.0535
Fsize	−1.427	0.138	−1.87	0.524	0.0181
Edu	0.349***	0.126	0.28	0.000	0.3241
Mas	1.431	0.231	2.13	0.217	0.0176
Lah	−0.522**	0.342	−1.51	0.023	0.2462
Air	0.314	0.723	1.37	0.172	0.1934
Soi	0.756***	0.187	0.35	0.000	0.3127
Aua	0.543***	0.336	0.79	0.006	0.2914
Acc	0.546***	0.263	2.18	0.000	0.3025
Aif	0.438***	0.385	0.95	0.000	0.3572
Ofa	0.793***	0.122	1.21	0.002	0.2254
Dnt	−0.625**	0.352	−1.14	0.034	0.2376
Constant term	4.584***	1.243	2.34	0.000	–

Source: Computed from own survey data 2021/22; total observations = 187; LR chi2 (13) = 58.79; probability > chi2 = 0.0000; log-likelihood = −74.238; Pseudo R2 = 0.538; ***, ** and * represent 1%, 5% and 10% significance level, respectively.

Table 1. Sample of households based on the level of rural-urban migration status.

Selected Kebeles	Total number of households (Ni)	A total number of sample size (ni)
Ajarena	533	43
Kashira	592	47
Dabiyago	663	53
Barkuncho	556	44
Total	2344	187

n_i = total sample size i (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5); N_i = total number of households.

Data availability statement

Data will be made available on request.

Table 1. Sample of households based on the level of rural-urban migration status.

Selected Kebeles	Total number of households (Ni)	A total number of sample size (ni)
Ajarena	533	43
Kashira	592	47
Dabiyago	663	53
Barkuncho	556	44
Total	2344	187

n_i = total sample size i (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5); N_i = total number of households.