Social capital and economic mobility in tourism: a systematic literature review

Figures & data

Figure 1. The flow diagram of the study (Moher et al., 2010; Yang et al., 2017).

Table 1. The search string used for the systematic review process.

Database	Keywords used
Scopus	TITLE-ABS-KEY ((“(“social capital”) OR (“capacity building”) OR (“community resilience”) AND (“economic mobility”) OR (“mobility”))
Science Direct	Social Capital and Economic Mobility in Tourism
Google Scholar	Social Capital and Economic Mobility in Tourism

Table 2. The inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Criterion	Eligibility	Exclusion
Language	Journal (research articles), book series, book chapter in a book)	Journal (systematic literature review and conference proceeding)
Type of design	English	Non-English
Timeline	Between 2006 and 2023	2005 and earlier

Table 4. Thematic analysis.

THEMATIC ANALYSIS
Author/years	Years	Settings	Main study design	Community development (TA)	Community adaptation (DI)	Community participation (CA)	Quality of life (EO)
1. Fuwa	2006	Philippines	QL				♣
2. McGehee et al.	2010	Virginia	QN		♣
3. Hanlon	2010	United Kingdom	QL				♣
4. Guzman et al.	2011	Cape Verde	QN				♣
5. Stanley et al.	2012	Australia	QL		♣	x
6. Himanshu et al.	2013	India	QL			♣
7. Mura & Tavakoli	2014	Malaysia	QL			♣
8. Wu & Tsai	2016	Taiwan	QN			♣
9. Che mat et al.	2016	Malaysia	QL				♣
10. Sharkey	2016	United States	QL	♣
11. Tavakoli et al.	2017	Malaysia	QL	♣		x
12. Sithole et al.	2018	Zimbabwe	MM	♣√		x
13. Imbaya et al.	2019	Kenya	MM		♣√	x
14. Dartanto et al.	2019	Indonesia	QL				♣√
15. Christensen et al.	2020	Denmark	MM		x		♣√
16. Prawoto et al.	2020	Indonesia	QL			x	♣√
17. Baker et al.	2021	German	QL		♣√		x
18. Knollenberg et al.	2021	United States	QL	♣√		x
19. Masud-All-Kamal et al.	2021	Bangladesh	QL		♣√	x
20. Kristani et al.	2021	Indonesia	QN		♣√	x
21. Park et al.	2021	United Kingdom	QL				♣√
22. Scuttari et al.	2021	Italy	MM				♣√
23. Yang et al.	2021	Bali, Dubai, Hong Kong, London, Makkah, New York, Osaka, Tokyo, and Singapore	QL				♣√
24. Al-Omoush et al.	2022	Jordan	QL				♣√
25. Tavakolinia & Pouya	2022	Tehran	QN		x	♣ √
26. Lei, et al.	2023	Portugese	QL	♣		√
27. Tomay & Tuboly	2023	Hungary	QL	x√		♣
28. Yu, et al.	2023	China	QL		♣	x
29. Rusmawati, et al.	2023	Indonesia	QN	♣		x
30. Hammad & Naggar	2023	Egypt	MM		♣		♣ √
31. Mathey, et al.	2023	NA	QN		√x	♣
32. Cheng, et al.	2023	China	QN	√			♣
33. Thananusak & Suriyankietkaew	2023	Thailand	MM	x	♣
34. Zhang & Yang	2023	Ieceland	QN	♣	x
35. Huo, et al.	2023	China	MM	x√		♣
36. Scheyvens, et al.	2023	Pacific	QL	√		♣	x
37. Ton et al.	2023	Vietnam	QL	♣		x
38. Zengeya et al.	2023	Zimbabwe	QL	♣			√
39. Yuliati, et al	2023	Indonesia	QL	√	♣
40. Bærenholdt & Meged	2023	Asia	QL	♣		♣ √

Note. QN: Quantitative, QL: Qualitative, MM: Mixed Method; ♣, √, x;: Main theme/Sub-theme/related.

Table 3. List of reviewed studies.

No	Year	Settings	Authors	Method
1.	2006	Philippines	Fuwa	QL
2.	2010	Virginia	McGehee et al.	QN
3.	2010	United Kingdom	Hanlon	QL
4.	2011	Cape Verde	Guzman et al.	QN
5.	2012	Australia	Stanley et al.	QL
6.	2013	India	Himanshu et al.	QL
7.	2014	Malaysia	Mura & Tavakoli	QL
8.	2016	Taiwan	Wu & Tsai	QN
9.	2016	Malaysia	Che mat et al.	QL
10.	2016	United States	Sharkey	QL
11.	2017	Malaysia	Tavakoli et al.	QL
12.	2018	Zimbabwe	Sithole et al.	MM
13.	2019	Kenya	Imbaya et al.	MM
14.	2019	Indonesia	Dartanto et al.	QL
15.	2020	Denmark	Christensen et al.	MM
16.	2020	Indonesia	Prawoto et al.	QL
17.	2021	German	Baker et al.	QL
18.	2021	United States	Knollenberg et al.	QL
19.	2021	Bangladesh	Masud-All-Kamal et al.	QL
20.	2021	Indonesia	Kristani et al.	QN
21.	2021	United Kingdom	Park et al.	QL
22.	2021	Italy	Scuttari et al.	MM
23.	2021	Bali, Dubai, Hong Kong, London, Makkah, New York, Osaka, Tokyo, and Singapore	Yang et al.	QL
24.	2022	Jordan	Al-Omoush et al.	QL
25.	2022	Tehran	Tavakolinia & Pounya	QN
26.	2023	Hungary	Tomay & Tuboly	QL
27.	2023	Portuguese	Lei, et al.	QL
28.	2023	China	Yu, et al.	QL
29.	2023	Indonesia	Rusmawati, et al.	QN
30.	2023	Egypt	Hammad & Naggar	MM
31.	2023	NA	Mathey, et al.	QN
32.	2023	China	Cheng, et al.	QN
33.	2023	Thailand	Thananusak & Suriyankietkaew	MM
34.	2023	Iceland	Zhang & Yang	QN
35.	2023	China	Huo, et al.	MM
36.	2023	Pacific	Scheyvens, et al.	QL
37.	2023	Vietnam	Ton, et al.	QL
38.	2023	Zimbabwe	Zengeya et al.	QL
39.	2023	Indonesia	Yuliati, et al.	QL
40.	2023	Asia	Bærenholdt & Meged	QL

Table 5. Themes and sub-theme-elaboration.

Themes	Sub-theme
Community Development	(TA) Tourism Assets
Community Adaptation	(DI) Development Initiatives
Community Participation	(CA) Community Actor
Quality of Life	(EO) Economic Opportunities

Figure 2. Emerging relationship of social capital and economic mobility in tourism: a summary of existing literature.

Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & Prisma Group. (2010). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. International journal of surgery, 8(5), 336–341.

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Yang, E. C. L., Khoo- Lattimore, C., & Arcodia, C. (2017). A systematic literature review of risk and gender research in tourism. Tourism Management, 58, 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.011

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