Scoping review of empirical studies on human trafficking in Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1. Emperical Studies on women victims.

References	Sample size and targets
(Endeshaw et al. (2010)	67 Women and children
(Fernandez, 2011)	35 Women and 19 professionals
(Mesfin, 2011)	Not indicated
(Meskerem, 2011)	5 returnees
(Minaye, 2012)	8 Women
(Reda, 2012)	5 women
(Gurmu, 2013)	20 Women returnees
(Elias, 2013)	It is based on secondary data sources
(Fernandez, 2013)	75 Women
(G/Hiwot, 2013)	8 women and 4 Professionals
(Selamawit, 2013)	Not indicated
(Woldemichael, 2013)	8 women
(Azage et al., 2014)	417 Women
(Gudetu)	16 Women
(Ketema, 2014)	18 women returnees
(Atnafu & Adamek, 2016)	5 Women
(Demisse)	35 deported women
(Messay, 2018)	12 returnees of which only 1 was male
(Jima, 2020)	436 victims of human trafficking
(Wubshet, 2021)	16 returnees
(Busza et al., 2023)	28

Table 2. Emperical Studies conducted qualitatively.

References	Study type
(Endeshaw et al. (2010)	Qualitative
(Fernandez, 2011)	Qualitative
(Mesfin, 2011)	Qualitative
(Meskerem, 2011)	Qualitative
(Selam, 2011)	Qualitative
(Minaye, 2012)	Qualitative
(Reda, 2012)	Qualitative
(Gurmu, 2013)	Qualitative
(Elias, 2013)	Qualitative
(Fernandez, 2013)	Qualitative
(G/Hiwot, 2013)	Qualitative
(Selamawit, 2013)	Qualitative
(Woldemichael, 2013)	Qualitative
(Azage et al., 2014)	Cross sectional
(Gudetu, 2014)	Qualitative
(Hailemichael, 2014)	Qualitative
(Ketema, 2014)	Qualitative
(Atnafu & Adamek, 2016)	Qualitative
(Demisse)	Qualitative
(Messay, 2018)	Qualitative
(Choi et al., 2020)	Qualitative
(Kiros & Zeru, 2020)	Qualitative
(Wubshet, 2021)	Qualitative
(Busza et al., 2023)	Qualitative

Endeshaw, Y., Gebeyehu, M., & Reta, B. (2010). Assessment of trafficking in women and children in and from Ethiopia. International Organization for Migration. http://www.africanchildinfo.net/index.php?option¼com_sobi2andsobi2Task¼sobi2Detailsandcatid¼6andsobi2Id¼819and Itemid¼73andlang¼en.

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Fernandez, B. (2011). Household help? Ethiopian women domestic workers’ labor migration to the Gulf countries. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 20(3–4), 433–457. https://doi.org/10.1177/011719681102000309

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Mesfin, D. (2011). The challenges and prospects of female labor Migration To The Arab Middle East, A case study of women returnees in the Town Of Girana, North Wollo, Ethiopia [Master’s Thesis]. University of Bergen, Faculty of Psychology.

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Meskerem, M. (2011). Psycho-social and economic experiences of Gulf States returnee Ethiopian women domestic workers [Master’s Thesis]. Addis Ababa University, School of Graduate Studies.

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Minaye, A. (2012). Trafficked to the Gulf States: The experiences of Ethiopian returnee women. Journal of Community Practice, 20(1–2), 112–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2012.649203

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Reda, A. H. (2012). An investigation into the experiences of female victims of trafficking in Ethiopia [Master’s thesis]. University of South Africa.

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Gurmu, A. (2013). Women migrants from Agaro town to Arab countries: push and pull factors and problems they encounter [Master’s thesis]. Department of Social Work, Indira Gandhi National Open University.

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Elias, A. (2013). Trafficking of Ethiopian women and girls to the Middle East [Master’s thesis]. Central European University, Department of Public Policy.

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Fernandez, B. (2013). Traffickers, brokers, employment agents, and social networks: The regulation of intermediaries in the migration of Ethiopian domestic workers to the Middle East. International Migration Review, 47(4), 814–843. https://doi.org/10.1111/imre.12049

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G/Hiwot, S. (2013). The situations of trafficking women from Ethiopia to Sudan: The case of Metema Route [Master’s thesis]. Addis Ababa University.

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Selamawit, B. (2013). The vulnerability of Ethiopian Women and Girls: The Case of Domestic Workers in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait [Master’s thesis]. University of UPPSALA.

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Woldemichael, S. B. (2013). The vulnerability of Ethiopian rural women and girls: The case of domestic workers in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait [Master’s thesis]. Uppsala University.

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Azage, M., Abeje, G., & Mekonnen, A. (2014). Sex trafficking awareness and associated factors among youth females in Bahir Dar town, North-West Ethiopia: A community based study. BMC Women’s Health, 14, 1.

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Ketema, N. B. (2014). Female Ethiopian Migrant Domestic Workers: An analysis of migration, return-migration and reintegration experiences [Master’s thesis]. Graduate School of the University of Oregon.

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Messay, M. (2018). Cross-border migration and human trafficking in Ethiopia: Contributing factors, policy responses and the Way Forward. Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 12, 93–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-018-0218-y

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Jima, A. (2020). Socio-economic impacts of human trafficking among West Asia Returnee young women in West Shewa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. PanAfrican Journal of Governance and Development, 1(1), 80–101.

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Wubshet, F. (2021). Challenges encountered by Ethiopian migrant returnees in the reintegration processes: The case of females deported from Saudi Arabia. Ethiopian Journal of Social Sciences and Language Studies, 8(2), 39–48. http://journals.ju.edu.et/index.php/ejssls

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Busza, J., Shewamene, Z., Zimmerman, C., Erulkar, A., Hailu, E., Negeri, L., Anderson, E., & Lo, Y. (2023). Accidental traffickers: Qualitative findings on labour recruitment in Ethiopia. Globalization and Health, 19(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-023-01005-9

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Selam, G. (2011). Investigation and prosecution of transnational women trafficking: The case of Ethiopia [Master’s thesis]. University of Western Cape.

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Hailemichael, N. (2014). Causes and consequences of human trafficking: A case study in Metema Town [Master’s thesis]. Department of Social Anthropology, Addis Ababa University.

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Choi, K., Beck, D., Khan, M., Bell, S., Beza, L., & Munro-Kramer, M. (2020). A qualitative needs assessment of human trafficking in Ethiopia: recommendations for a comprehensive, coordinated response. International Journal for Equity in Health, 19(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-1154-4

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Kiros, G., & Zeru, M. (2020). A human security perspective to human trafficking from Ethiopia to Saudi Arabia: the case of Atsbi Wenberta woreda in Tigray region. Migration and Development, 11(3), 560–579. https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1806600

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Availability of data and materials

The document contains all of the data that supports the study’s conclusions. Additional data supporting the conclusions of this study are available upon request from the corresponding author.