The role of Tharîqat in strengthening nationalism in Indonesia

Figures & data

Table 1. Elements of Tharîqat.

Elements	Teaching	Information
Teacher, sheikh, or mursyid	Genealogy	The link that connected the mursyids with the earlier mursyids, thus reaching the founder of Tharîqat and the Prophet Muhammad
	Caliphate	The person appointed by the sheikh to be his deputy and given the right to perform bai’at
Disciple	Bai’at	An initiation ceremony that symbolizes the teacher-disciple relationship with an oath and a promise to follow the rules of the members
	Maqamat and Ahwal	Student achievement levels
	Ijazah	A disciple who is deemed to have passed the exercises given by the sheikh will be given by his teacher a kind of certificate, along with his genealogy, khirqah, and aurad
	Khirqah	In the form of a piece of cloth
	Talqin	In a farewell memorial, the teacher gives a will and advice that become a handle for the disciple forever. A will is usually written that is always binding between the teacher and the disciple, and each teacher’s charity is always used as a wasilah or rabitah
Dhikr	Oral dhikr	usually pronounced “dhikr nafi isbaat” “laa ilaaha illa Allaah”
	Dhikr qalb	Usually what is said silently is the dhikr, Ismu Zat, Allah.
	Dhikr sir	Remembered is Ismu Ga’ib
	Dhikr sama’	Dhikr is spoken with ratib and accompanied by tambourine, music, movements, and dance
Auraad	Prayer, shalawat, hizib	a sheikh-required utterance that the disciple must repeat indefinitely
Ribat, zawiyyah, zibash, pesulukan		A place that Sufis use to carry out the teachings of the sheikh
Treatise	Fiqh, Sufism, ways of dressing, rituals, worship, and others	The material taught to the disciples served as a framework for the application of Tharîqat teachings
Identity		Ideological, physical, and non-physical features that indicate the peculiarities of a Tharîqat

Table 2. The relationship between Islamic Postulates and Pancasila Precepts.

No	Precepts of Pancasila	Islamic Postulates
1	Belief in the one and only God	And your God is the One True God (Q.S. al-Baqarah [2]: 163)
2	A Just and Civilized humanity	O people of faith let you be the ones who always establish (the truth) because of God, to be just witnesses. And never let your hatred of any kindred, prompt you to do unjustly. Be fair, because fair is closer to takwa. (Q.S. al-Ma’idah [5]: 8)
3	Unity of Indonesia	The believers are indeed brothers. Therefore make peace (repair the relationship) between your two brothers (Q.S. al-Hujurat [49]: 10)
4	Democracy, led by the wisdom of the representatives of the people	Consult with them on the matter. Then, when you have made up your mind, turn to God (Q.S. Ali Imran [3]: 159)
5	Social justice for all Indonesian people	Indeed, God commands us to do justice and virtue, to give to our relatives. (Q.S. an-Nahl [16]: 90)