Tourism and covid-19 in three European cities. Change in persistence

Figures & data

Figure 1. London hotel occupancy.

Figure 2. Berlin hotel occupancy.

Figure 3. Manchester hotel occupancy.

Table 1. Descriptive statistics.

Series	Start. date	Ending date	Max. Val	Min. Val	Mean	St. Dedv
London	1997M10	2024M2	92.1	4.9	74.5	16.8
Berlin	2004M3	2024M2	90.4	1.2	68.4	18.8
Manchester	2006M1	2024M2	90.8	2.6	74.1	18.1

Table 2. Estimated coefficients in the model given by Eq. (1)(1) $${(1-B)}^d{x}_t=u_t,t\hspace{0.17em}=0,\pm 1,\dots .$$(1) .

i) Original data
Series	D	Intercept	Time trend	Seasonality
London	0.62 (0.47, 0.81)	80.751 (20.03)	–	0.802
Berlin	0.36 (0.25, 0.52)	65.998 (19.23)	0.077 (2.47)	0.800
Manchester	0.45 (0.32, 0.74)	77.821 (10.90)	–	0.829
ii) Logged values
Series	D	Intercept	Time trend	Seasonality
London	0.62 (0.47, 0.81)	4.388 (2.91)	–	0.808
Berlin	0.37 (0.25, 0.55)	4.173 (8.72)	0.0011 (2.49)	0.800
Manchester	0.43 (0.31, 0.73)	4.355 (1.182)	–	0.832

Data ending at December 2019.

The values in parenthesis in column 2 are the associated 95% confidence intervals In columns 3 and 4, they are t-values of the estimated coefficients.

Table 3. Estimated coefficients in the model given by Eq. (1)(1) $${(1-B)}^d{x}_t=u_t,t\hspace{0.17em}=0,\pm 1,\dots .$$(1) .

i) Original data
Series	D	Intercept	Time trend	Seasonality
London	1.14 (1,04, 1.27)	85.309 (25.54)	–	0.583
Berlin	0.94 (0.82, 1.09)	50.026 (22.11)	–	0.480
Manchester	1.07 (0.95, 1.23)	65.704 (7.78)	–	0.534
ii) Logged values
Series	D	Intercept	Time trend	Seasonality
London	1.25 (1.11, 1.43)	4.451 (13.22)	–	0.192
Berlin	1.09 (0.89, 1.37)	3.874 (15.09)	–	0.214
Manchester	1.08 (0.91, 1.32)	4.184 (9.32)	–	0.118

Data ending at Feb 2024.

The values in parenthesis in column 2 are the associated 95% confidence intervals in columns 3 and 4, they are t-values of the estimated coefficients.

Data availability statement

Data have been collected from HotStats (https://www.hotstats.com/) and they are available from the authors upon request.