The readiness assessment of Jakarta as a smart tourism city

Figures & data

Figure 1. Smart tourism cities framework.

Table 4. Study area.

Number	District
1	Kebayoran Lama (KL)
2	Tebet (TBT)
3	Cilandak (CL)
4	Setiabudi (SB)
5	Kebayoran Baru (KB)
6	Mampang Prapatan (MP)
7	Pulo Gadung (PG)
8	Tanah Abang (TA)
9	Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK)
10	Sawah Besar (SWB)
11	Menteng (MTG)
12	Gambir (GMR)
13	Kota Tua (KT)
14	Grogol Petamburan (GP)

Table 1. Indicators of attractiveness.

Variable	Indicator	Measurement
Attractiveness	Smart attraction	Info kiosk availability at the attraction
		Provision of audio and visual guides during the visit
		Sensors for crowd monitoring
		The presence of attractions on geolocation app-based system
		The use of social media and website for the promotion of attractions
		The presence of attractions in local tourism official website
		The use of smart devices to hep visualizing, story-telling, or immersing heritage attractions (including games, VR)
	Smart available packages and activities	Number of available sustainable packages that held in a collaborative way (e.g., between local communities & government)
		Number of available tourist packages offer a multi-lingual application that gives an easy overview of the available packages for both domestic and international tourists
		The presence of mobile app that guides visitors independently and at their own pace around the city while exploring hidden stories and acquiring unique rewards from local businesses
		Design and implement chip-based Smart Tourist Cards.
	Smart amenities	Number of restaurants presented on Trip Advisor
		Number of hotels presented on the internet
		Number of Airbnb listings
		Number of hotels providing free wi-fi service on booking.com
		Provide geolocation of nearby 24h chemists, hospitals and medication services.
	Smart ancillary	Take use of payment integrated systems specific for international tourists
	Cultural heritage & creativity	Integrating cultural values and characteristics into modern concepts and developments
		The number of communities focused on history and culture
		Number of Google search results extracted for heritage and natural sites
		Inclusion and access for everybody to cultural attractions
		Number of local cultural contents presented on Trip Advisor

Source: Chung et al. (2021); EU Smart Tourism Capital (2022); Gajdošík (2018); Tran et al. (2017).

Table 2. Indicators of accessibility.

Variable	Indicator	Measurement
Accessibility	Digital mobility	Number of channels of ICT-based tourism information
		Provision of local tourism official website that contains useful tourism links and information for tourists and investors
		Provision of destination mobile application
	Physical mobility	Travel information is provided in road panels, local webpages, and destination mobile applications, considering the access of people with visual impairments.
		Presence of shared bicycle
		Presence of adequate public transportation between attractions in the same district
		Presence of adequate public transportation between attractions in the nearby districts
		Every available transport hub (airport, port, train station, bus station, and the city centre) that is well connected
		Digital bus stop or other public transportation that provide real time monitoring schedule
		Presence of district in city app to predict optimal route using public transportation information
		Real-time traffic management system updated with optimal routes
	Barrier-free design	Adequate public transport, transport infrastructures, attractions and tourist infrastructures in general to disabled and elderly tourists.
		Percentage of barrier-free hotels on presented on Booking.com
		Availability of barrier-free touristic services presented on attraction website

Source: Chung et al. (2021); EU Smart Tourism Capital (2022); Gajdošík (2018); Tran et al. (2017).

Table 3. Indicators of digitalization and sustainability.

Variable	Indicator	Measurement
Digitalization Readiness	Digital infrastructure	Number of free wi-fi hotspots per 1 km2
		Number and name of places in district which provide free wi-fi
		Availability of free wi-fi connection in public spots
	Smart platform	Providing digital payment
	Smart service technology	Other digital services tourist can experience in district
Sustainability	Tourism environments	Level of traffic congestion
		Environmental indicators (level of air pollution, environmental index of CES)
		Number of waste bank application-based
	Tourism safety	Sensors for detecting temperature

Source: Chung et al. (2021); EU Smart Tourism Capital (2022); Gajdošík (2018); Tran et al. (2017).

Figure 2. Research methodology.

Table 5. Secondary dataset.

No	Measures	KL	TBT	CL	SB	KB	MP	PG	TA	PIK	SWB	MTG	GMR	KT	GP
Attractiveness
1	The presence of attractions on Google Maps	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
2	The presence of attractions on Jakarta official tourism website	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
3	The presence of attractions on Jakarta official tourism social media	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0
4	The presence of attractions on Trip Advisor	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
5	The use of social media and website for the promotion of attractions	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
6	The presence of attractions with billingual or multi-lingual website	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	1
7	The presence of free-entry attractions	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1
8	The presence of historical and cultural attractions presented on Trip Advisor	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	1
9	The presence of free-entry historical and cultural attractions	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
10	The presence of historical and cultural attractions with access for people with disabilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0
11	The presence of restaurants on Google Maps	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
12	The presence of restaurants presented on Trip Advisor	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
13	The presence of hotels on Google Maps	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
14	The presence of hotels on Traveloka	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
15	The presence of hotels on Booking.com	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
16	The presence of hotels with free wifi	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
17	The presence of Airbnb listings	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1
18	The presence of worship facilities	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
19	The presence of nearby 24h chemists, hospitals and medication services.	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
20	The presence of police office	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
21	The presence of shopping centre	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
22	The presence of public toilet	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
23	The presence of tourist information centers	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1
24	The presence of communities engaged in historical, cultural and creative fields, which are active in carrying out activities in the district	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0
25	Available tourist packages offer a multi-lingual tours for both domestic and international tourists presented on Trip Advisor	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0
26	Available tourist packages that held in a collaborative way (e.g., between local communities & government)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0
27	The presence of tourist packages organized by local communities	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	0
28	The presence of tourist packages organized by local government	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	0
29	The presence of tourist packages organized by private sector	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0
Subtotal AT (Max 29)		20	23	23	22	25	24	19	24	21	26	29	29	27	21
Accessibility
1	Presence of barrier-free hotels presented on Google Maps	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
2	Presence of barrier-free hotels presented on Booking.com	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
3	Presence of barrier-free hotels presented on Traveloka	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
4	The presence of attractions with information access for people with disabilities	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1
Subtotal AC (Max 4)		4	2	4	3	4	4	2	4	4	4	4	4	3	4
Digitalization
1	Availability of mobile application to provide information about free wi-fi connection in public spots	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0
2	Provision of mobile application to guide tourist while visiting the district	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
Subtotal DI (Max 2)		1	1	2	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	1	1	1
Sustainability
1	Provision of mobile application to measure level of air pollution in the district	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
2	Provision of waste bank application	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Subtotal SU (Max 2)		2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2

Table 6. Primary dataset.

No	Measures	KL	TBT	CL	SB	KB	MP	PG	TA	PIK	SWB	MTG	GMR	KT	GP
Attractiveness
1	District’s attempts over the past year to utilize or renew areas that were previously neglected or neglected into places for creative activities to make the district more attractive	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	0
2	The use of technology and digital components at the district’s Tourist Information Centre (TIC)	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
3	The presence of multi-lingual mobile app that guides both domestic and international visitors independently and at their own pace around the district	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0
4	Other places or activities than the existing attractions that potentially draw visitors to the district	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0
Subtotal AT (Max 4)		0	3	3	4	3	0	1	2	3	3	4	2	2	0
Accessibility
1	Availability of adequate public transportation to the district	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
2	Availability of adequate public transportation within the district	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
3	Availability of well-connected transport hub	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
4	Availability of public transportation that provide digital real time monitoring schedule	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
5	Availability of real-time traffic management system updated with optimal routes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
6	Availability of adequate transport infrastructures in general to disabled and elderly tourists	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0
Subtotal AC (Max 6)		6	6	6	6	6	6	5	6	6	6	6	6	6	5
Digitalization
1	Availability of free wi-fi connection in public spots	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0
2	Availability of digital payment in the district’s attractions	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
3	Other digital services tourist can experience in the district	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	1
Subtotal DI (Max 3)		2	3	3	2	3	2	1	3	2	2	3	3	2	2
Sustainability
1	The district’s attempt to support sustainable tourism city	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Subtotal SU (Max 1)		1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1

Table 7. Smart tourism pilot areas.

	CL	KB	SWB	MTG	GMR	KT
Subtotal Primary Data Attractiveness	3	3	3	4	2	2
Subtotal Secondary Data Attractiveness	23	25	26	29	29	27
Total Comp. Attractiveness	26	28	29	33	31	29
Subtotal Primary Data Accessibility	6	6	6	6	6	6
Subtotal Secondary Data Accessibility	4	4	4	4	4	3
Total Comp. Accessibility	10	10	10	10	10	9
Subtotal Primary Data Digitalization	3	3	2	3	3	2
Subtotal Secondary Data Digitalization	4	4	4	4	4	3
Total Comp. Digitalization	7	7	6	7	7	5
Subtotal Primary Data Sustainability	1	1	1	1	1	1
Subtotal Secondary Data Sustainability	2	1	2	2	1	1
Total Comp. Sustainability	3	2	3	3	2	2
Total All Components	46	47	48	53	50	45

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