Factors affecting the implementation of labor safety and hygiene in specific enterprises: a case in Vietnam

Figures & data

Figure 1. Statistics on the number of businesses.

(Source: Compiled by author).

Table 1. Statistics of frequency characteristics of the research sample.

Characteristic	Frequency	Ratio (%)
1. Sex	N = 230	100
Male	162	70.4
Female	68	29.6
2. Age	N = 230	100
<30 years old	21	9.1
From 30 - under 45 years old	106	46.1
>45 years old	103	44.8
3. Work experience	N = 230	100
<5 years	26	11.3
From 5 - under 10 years	97	42.2
>10 years	107	46.5
4. Level	N = 230	100%
College degree	36	15.7
University degree	145	63
Postgraduate	49	21.3

(Source: Author’s data processing).

Table 2. Reliability according to Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.

Variable	Variable abbreviation	Observations were eliminated	Number of observations	Cronbach’s alpha
Manager’s capacity	LECA		4	0.822
Responsibility of employees and their representatives	RESP	RESP5	4	0.689
Legal regulations and safety instructions	LESA		4	0.635
Labor safety policy	POLI		4	0.872
Occupational safety training	OSAP		4	0.905
Carry out occupational safety and hygiene risk assessment	OSHE		4	0.685

(Source: Author’s data processing).

Table 3. Exploratory EFA factor analysis of independent factors.

KMO and Bartlett’s test
Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy.		0,750
Bartlett’s test of sphericity	Approx. Chi-Square	1904,695
	df	190
	Sig.	0,000

Table

Total variance explained
Component	Initial eigenvalues			Extraction sums of squared loadings			Rotation sums of squared loadings
	Total	% of variance	Cumulative %	Total	% of variance	Cumulative %	Total	% of Variance	Cumulative %
1	3,413	17,063	17,063	3,413	17,063	17,063	3,149	15,746	15,746
2	3,258	16,290	33,353	3,258	16,290	33,353	2,952	14,762	30,507
3	2,304	11,522	44,875	2,304	11,522	44,875	2,667	13,335	43,842
4	2,019	10,095	54,970	2,019	10,095	54,970	2,088	10,438	54,281
5	1,891	9,454	64,424	1,891	9,454	64,424	2,029	10,143	64,424
6	0,936	4,681	69,105
7	0,817	4,084	73,189
8	0,706	3,528	76,717
9	0,639	3,195	79,912
10	0,581	2,906	82,818
11	0,527	2,636	85,453
12	0,463	2,315	87,768
13	0,432	2,158	89,926
14	0,401	2,007	91,934
15	0,383	1,917	93,850
16	0,355	1,776	95,627
17	0,318	1,588	97,214
18	0,254	1,270	98,484
19	0,204	1,019	99,503
20	0,099	,497	100,000

Extraction method: principal component analysis.

Table

Rotated component matrix^a
	Component
	1	2	3	4	5
OSAP4	0,913
OSAP3	0,908
OSAP2	0,863
OSAP1	0,839
POLI1		0,900
POLI4		0,835
POLI2		0,833
POLI3		0,810
LECA1			0,829
LECA4			0,826
LECA3			0,807
LECA2			0,736
RESP4				0,760
RESP3				0,732
RESP2				0,708
RESP1				0,670
LESA4					0,806
LESA1					0,797
LESA2					0,593
LESA3					0,.551

Extraction method: principal component analysis.

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser ^aRotation converged in 5 iterations.

(Source: Author’s data processing).

Table 4. Exploratory factor analysis EFA of the dependent variable.

KMO and Bartlett’s test
Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy		0,825
Bartlett’s test of sphericity	Approx. Chi-Square	635,811
	df	6
	Sig.	0,000

Table

Communalities
	Initial	Extraction
OSHE1	1,000	0,720
OSHE2	1,000	0,794
OSHE3	1,000	0,.741
OSHE4	1,000	0,881

Extraction method: principal component analysis.

Table

Total variance explained
Component	Initial eigenvalues			Extraction sums of squared loadings
	Total	% of variance	Cumulative %	Total	% of variance	Cumulative %
1	3,137	78,413	78,413	3,137	78,413	78,413
2	0,379	9,482	87,895
3	0,330	8,238	96,134
4	0,155	3,866	100,000

Extraction method: principal component analysis.

(Source: Author’s data processing).

Table 5. Results of regression model analysis.

Model summary^b
Model	R	R square	Adjusted R square	Std. error of the estimate	Durbin–Watson
1	0,535^a	0,286	0,270	0,85421755	1,651

^aPredictors: (Constant), OSAP, POLI, LESA, RESP, LECA.

^bDependent variable: OSHE.

Table

Coefficients^a
Model	Unstandardized coefficients		Standardized coefficients	t	Sig	collinearity statistics
	B	Std. Error	Beta			VIF
1
(Constant)	1,891E-016	0,056		0,000	1,000
LECA	,415	0,056	0,415	7,352	0,000	1,412
RESP	0,264	0,056	0,264	4,670	0,000	1,174
LESA	0,132	0,056	0,132	2,331	0,021	1,091
POLI	−0,048	0,056	−0,048	−0,853	0,395	1,126
OSAP	0,158	0,056	0,158	2,796	0,006	1,140

^aDependent variable: OSHE.

(Source: Author’s data processing).

Table 6. Results of ANOVA analysis.

ANOVA^a
Model	Sum of squares	df	Mean square	F	Sig
1
Regression	65,550	5	13,110	17,967	0,000^b
Residual	163,450	224	0,730
Total	229,000	229

^aDependent variable: OSHE.

^bPredictors: (Constant), OSAP, POLI, LESA, RESP, LECA.

(Source: Author’s data processing).

Data availability statement

the data that supported the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.