Can youths engage their leaders? Assessing Nigerian youths’ capacity to demand accountability

Figures & data

Table 1. Mean scores and standard deviations male and female students on the factors that triggered the youths for demanding accountability from their leaders.

		Male Students			Female Students
S/N	Items	MEAN	Std. Dev	DL	MEAN	Std. Dev	DL
1.	Incessant strike actions in educational sector	3.34	0.48	A	3.35	0.44	A
2	Exorbitant school fees	3.65	0.46	SA	3.64	0.48	SA
3	Electoral injustice	3.55	0.49	SA	3.57	0.47	SA
4	Bad leadership precedents/impunity	3.40	0.49	A	3.38	0.45	A
5	Pervasive corruption	3.22	0. 54	A	3.26	0.52	A
6	Police brutality	3.58	0.44	SA	3.55	0.45	SA
7	Use of hoodlums to perpetrate fraud	3.29	0. 64	A	3.31	0.63	A
8	Deployment of military to crackdown protestants (youths) who seek justice	2.65	0.47	A	2.64	0.48	A
9	Lack of national integration	2.74	0.43	A	2.75	0.42	A
10	Poor judicial system.	3.34	0.47	A	3.35	0.48	A
11	Lack of reforms in public institutions	3.33	0.47	A	3.35	0.48	A
12	Poor infrastructures	3.20	0.40	A	3.24	0.42	A
13	Lack of employment opportunities for the youths	2.50	0.50	A	2.54	0.52	A
	Cluster Mean	3.20	0.48	A	3.22	0.46	A

Key: STD DEV = Standard Deviation, DL = Decision Level, A = Agree, SA = Strongly Agree.

Table 2. Mean scores and standard deviations male and female students on the workable ways for ensuring accountability from leaders for good governance.

		Male Students			Female Students
S/N	Items	MEAN	Std. Dev	DL	MEAN	Std. Dev	DL
14	Provision of a comprehensive database system of citizens to deter culprits.	3.48	0.52	A	3.52	0.50	A
15	Conducting free and fair election to elect corrupt free leaders	3.47	0.77	A	3.40	0.87	A
16	Inclusion of educated youths in politics	3.70	0.43	SA	3.74	0.42	SA
17	Ensuring global partnership for development	3.34	0.48	A	3.35	0.44	A
18	Ensuring environmental sustainability	3.65	0. 44	SA	3.64	0.46	SA
19	Provision of employment opportunities for the youths	3.74	0.43	A	3.75	0.41	SA
20	Reforms in public institutions	3.60	0.49	SA	3.59	0.51	SA
21	Mobilization for national integration, to instill the sense of patriotism in the citizens.	3.50	0. 52	SA	3.52	0.50	SA
22	Adequate funding of educational sector	3.64	0.46	SA	3.62	0.42	SA
23	Good judicial system.
	Cluster Mean	3.56	0.52	SA	3.57	0.50	SA

Key: STD DEV = Standard Deviation, DL = Decision Level, A = Agree, SA = Strongly Agree.