The impact of image format and normative variables on episodic memory

Figures & data

Figure 1. Examples of stimuli used in Experiment 1.

Notes: The first row includes an object with a low name agreement and five objects with low ratings on each normative variable. The second row includes objects with high name agreement and high ratings.

Table 1. Norms of old and new stimuli in Experiment 1

Norms	Old		New		Stats^*
	Mean	(SD)	Mean	(SD)
NA (%)	65.83	(22.07)	65.52	(23.16)	t = 0.144, p = 0.885
Fam	4.07	(0.40)	4.02	(0.41)	t = 1.221, p = 0.223
VC	2.40	(0.43)	2.42	(0.44)	t = −0.397, p = 0.692
OA	3.93	(0.52)	3.93	(0.54)	t = 0.184, p = 0.854
CD	4.18	(0.41)	4.22	(0.36)	t = −0.886, p = 0.376
Manip	2.59	(0.75)	2.55	(0.81)	t = 0.523, p = 0.601

Notes: NA = name agreement, Fam = familiarity, VC = visual complexity, OA = object agreement, CD = colour diagnosticity, Manip = manipulability.

^* Degree of freedom = 19.

Table 2. Correlations of normative dimensions

	NA	Fam	VC	OA	CD
Old stimuli
Fam	0.387^*
VC	−0.017	−0.116
OA	0.212^*	0.323^*	−0.047
CD	0.065	0.168	−0.039	0.356^*
Manip	0.214^*	0.183	0.017	0.096	−0.027
	NA	Fam	VC	OA	CD
New stimuli
Fam	0.389^*
VC	−0.195	−0.191
OA	0.390^*	0.427^*	−0.118
CD	0.136	0.290^*	0.032	0.383^*
Manip	0.220^*	0.186	0.124	0.038	−0.077

Notes: NA = name agreement, Fam = familiarity, VC = visual complexity, OA = object agreement, CD = colour diagnosticity, Manip = manipulability.

^* p < 0.0083.

Table 3. Comparison of norms across subsets of stimuli in Experiment 1

		NA	Fam	VC	OA	CD	Manip
Old stimuli
NA	High	85.45^*	4.22^*	2.41	4.04^*	4.23	2.72
	Low	47.05^*	3.92^*	2.40	3.83^*	4.13	2.47
Fam	High	72.63^*	4.40^*	2.36	4.06^*	4.24	2.66
	Low	58.96^*	3.73^*	2.45	3.80^*	4.12	2.52
VC	High	66.35	4.03	2.74^*	3.90	4.17	2.60
	Low	65.33	4.10	2.08^*	3.97	4.19	2.59
OA	High	70.69^*	4.18^*	2.42	4.34^*	4.30^*	2.66
	Low	60.83^*	3.95^*	2.38	3.51^*	4.05^*	2.52
CD	High	66.91	4.11	2.41	4.07^*	4.51^*	2.56
	Low	64.83	4.03	2.40	3.81^*	3.88^*	2.62
Manip	High	69.26	4.12	2.40	4.00	4.15	3.18^*
	Low	62.12	4.01	2.41	3.86	4.21	1.96^*
New stimuli
NA	High	85.60^*	4.16^*	2.34	4.10^*	4.24	2.71^*
	Low	45.27^*	3.88^*	2.50	3.74^*	4.19	2.40^*
Fam	High	71.39^*	4.36^*	2.36	4.09^*	4.30^*	2.65
	Low	59.71^*	3.69^*	2.49	3.77^*	4.13^*	2.46
VC	High	61.12^*	3.95	2.76^*	3.84	4.22	2.62
	Low	70.12^*	4.09	2.07^*	4.01	4.21	2.48
OA	High	73.73^*	4.15^*	2.40	4.39^*	4.36^*	2.57
	Low	58.57^*	3.91^*	2.44	3.53^*	4.09^*	2.54
CD	High	68.01	4.12^*	2.45	4.10^*	4.50^*	2.57
	Low	62.87	3.91^*	2.39	3.74^*	3.91^*	2.53
Manip	High	70.02^*	4.07	2.47	3.95	4.19	3.27^*
	Low	61.51^*	3.98	2.38	3.90	4.24	1.91^*

Notes: NA = name agreement, Fam = familiarity, VC = visual complexity, OA = object agreement, CD = colour diagnosticity, Manip = manipulability.

^* p < 0.0083.

Figure 2. Results of Experiment 1.

Figure 3. Examples of stimuli used in Experiment 2.

Notes: Colour diagnosticity was higher for objects of the first row than for the objects of the second row.

Table 4. Norms across the stimulus conditions of Experiment 2

	Colour				Greyscale				Drawing				Stats^*
	Old		New		Old		New		Old		New
	Mean	(SD)	Mean	(SD)	Mean	(SD)	Mean	(SD)	Mean	(SD)	Mean	(SD)
Fam	4.34	(0.50)	4.26	(0.48)	4.47	(0.42)	4.40	(0.54)	4.45	(0.50)	4.55	(0.36)	F = 3.289, p = 0.006
VC	2.64	(0.44)	2.43	(0.46)	2.65	(0.79)	2.63	(0.64)	2.49	(0.73)	2.65	(0.72)	F = 1.538, p = 0.177
OA	3.72	(0.60)	3.83	(0.51)	3.88	(0.72)	3.67	(0.72)	3.76	(0.65)	3.82	(0.69)	F = .967, p = 0.438
CD	4.07	(0.46)	4.01	(0.45)	3.04	(0.76)	2.99	(0.76)	2.84	(0.79)	3.00	(0.76)	F = 46.999, p < 0.001
Manip	2.40	(0.27)	3.41	(0.37)	3.13	(0.91)	3.00	(0.79)	3.06	(0.89)	3.20	(0.74)	F = 16.275, p < 0.001

Notes: FAM = familiarity, VC = visual complexity, OA = object agreement, CD = colour diagnosticity, Manip = manipulability.

^* Degree of freedom = 419.

Figure 4. Results of Experiment 2.