Causes of delay in residential construction projects in Cambodia

Figures & data

Table 1. Project delay causes

No	Causes of delay	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
1	Unrealistic project scheduling	*	*								*	*
2	Frequent breakdowns of construction plant and equipment		*	*	*						*		*			*
3	Late payment by the owner for the completed work				*	*				*		*	*
4	Poor site management	*	*		*	*			*	*	*	*	*
5	Delay by subcontractor	*			*
6	Conflicts in subcontractors schedule	*
7	Rain effect on construction activities		*	*									*
8	Price fluctuations			*			*	*			*		*
9	Imported materials										*
10	Shortage of skilled labour	*	*		*		*	*				*
11	Legal disputes		*					*
12	Bad weather conditions	*	*	*				*				*		*	*
13	Rework due to the construction errors		*		*				*
14	Poor labour productivity	*	*				*						*
15	Shortage of materials on site	*	*		*	*		*	*		*	*				*
16	Unskilled equipment operators										*		*
17	Accidents due to poor site safety						*	*						*	*
18	Project size													*	*
19	Poor communication and coordination	*	*	*	*			*	*			*	*
20	Unavailability or delay of utilities in site	*					*
21	Poor ground conditions	*	*					*					*
22	Complexity of project													*	*
23	Delays in obtaining permit from municipality							*							*
24	Lack of labour supervision						*
25	Construction method		*					*				*	*
26	Labour absenteeism						*					*	*	*
27	Lack of high-technology mechanical equipment		*	*	*	*							*			*
28	Late delivery of material	*					*	*			*					*
29	Effect of social and cultural factors	*							*
30	Design changes	*	*		*			*					*
31	Personal conflicts among labours	*					*					*

Notes: (1) Assaf and Al-Hejji (2006); (2) Odeh and Battaineh (2002); (3) Owolabi et al. (2014); (4) Sambasivan and Soon (2007); (5) Haseeb et al. (2011); (6) Aziz (2013); (7) Fugar and Agyakwah-Baah (2010); (8) Orangi, Palaneeswaran, and Wilson (2011); (9) Kazaz, Ulubeyli, and Tuncbilekli (2012); (10) Ogunlana et al. (1996); (11) Sunjka and Jacob (2013); (12) Santoso and Soeng (2016); (13) Abd El-Razek et al. (2008); (14) Songer and Molenaar (1997); (15) Odeyinka and Yusif (1997).

Table 2. Rank of all the causes of project delays

Causes of delay	RII	Rank	Category
Shortage of materials on site	0.88	1	Material and equipment
Unrealistic project scheduling	0.88	2	Management
Late delivery of material	0.83	3	Material and equipment
Shortage of skilled labour	0.81	4	Workforce
Complexity of project	0.81	5	Project
Labour absenteeism	0.81	6	Workforce
Rain effect on construction activities	0.80	7	External
Design changes	0.79	8	Project
Delay by subcontractor	0.77	9	Management
Accidents due to poor site safety	0.76	10	External
Poor communication and coordination	0.75	11	Management
Project size	0.74	12	Project
Conflicts in subcontractors schedule	0.73	13	Management
Late payment by the owner for the completed work	0.73	14	Management
Price fluctuations	0.73	15	External
Poor site management	0.73	16	Management
Imported materials	0.72	17	Material and equipment
Frequent breakdowns of construction plant and equipment	0.72	18	External
Delays in obtaining permit from municipality	0.72	19	External
Legal disputes	0.71	20	External
Bad weather conditions	0.71	21	External
Rework due to the construction errors	0.71	22	Management
Poor labour productivity	0.70	23	Workforce
Unskilled equipment operators	0.70	24	Workforce
Unavailability or delay of utilities in site	0.70	25	External
Poor ground conditions	0.69	26	External
Lack of labour supervision	0.68	27	Management
Construction method	0.66	28	Management
Lack of high-technology mechanical equipment	0.62	29	Workforce
Effect of social and cultural factors	0.59	30	External
Personal conflicts among labours	0.56	31	Workforce

Table 3. Spearman’s rank correlation between the respondents

	Consultants (%)	Contractors (%)	Overall (%)
Overall	91	93	100
Contractors	82	100	–
Consultants	100	–	–

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