Understanding the biofortified cassava market in Nigeria: Determinants of consumer demand and farmer supply

Figures & data

Table 1. Socio-demographic and farm-related characteristics

Variables	Consumers		Producers
	Freq.	%	Freq.	%
Age category (years)
16–25	55	27.3	1	1.3
26–35	81	40.4	16	21.4
36–45	55	27.3	22	29.3
46+	10	5.0	26	48.0
Mean	31.0			44.0
Gender
Male	98	48.8	34	45.3
Female	103	51.2	41	54.7
Education
Primary	0	0.0	8.0	10.6
Secondary school	8	4.0	24	32.0
Tertiary education	113	56.2	38	50.7
Post-tertiary education	80	39.8	5	6.7
Mean	16.6		14.0
Monthly income (NGN)
0–80000	96		51	68.0
80001–160000	81		21	28
160001–240000	9		1	1.3
240001–320000	6		-	-
320001-above	9		2	2.7
Mean	139185		174136
Household Size
1–3	143	71.1	59	78.7
4–6	49	24.4	13	17.3
7–9	7	3.5	3	4.0
10–12	2	1.0	0	0.0
Mean	3 persons		3 persons
Farm experience (years)
0–4			67	89.3
5–8			8	10.7
Mean				3.3 years
Farm size (hectares)
1–4			56	74.7
5–8			11	14.6
9-above			8	10.7
Mean				3.1
Group membership
Yes			48	64.0
No			27	36.0

Table 2. Summary statistics of household food insecurity indices

Food security indicators	Food secure households		Food insecure households
	Freq.	Percent (%)	Freq.	Percent (%)
Per Capita Expenditure
<10,000	0	0	69	75
>10,000	110	100	23	25
Total	110	100	92	100
Mean PCE	27106.75		5957.73
2/3 MPCE = 11640 Average MPCE = 17460 % of food secure = 54%

MPCE, Monthly per capita expenditure; PCE, Monthly per capita expenditure.

Table 4. Estimates of the determinants of bio fortified cassava demand

Variables	Coefficient	Std. error	t-ratio
INTERCEPT	3633.942	2877.888	1.26
Price	−.0440594	.2934461	−0.15
Price of conventional product variants	−.2429981	.1465753	−1.66*
Taste	−21.34681	73.34557	−0.29
Expenditures on supplements	.3811091	.1222878	3.12***
Awareness of health benefit	492.7659	256.0918	1.92*
Income	.0318676	.0041196	7.74***
Recommendation from experts	802.9144	381.2711	2.11**
Age	17.75429	19.51612	0.91
Education	−112.1162	63.57933	−1.76*
Household size	18.66033	54.64319	0.34
R^2	0.3789
Adj R-squared	0.3462
F-ratio	11.36***

Note:

* Significant 10%

** Significant 5%

*** Significant at 1%.

Table 5. Estimates of the determinants of biofortified cassava supply

Variable	Coefficient	Std. error	t-ratio
Intercept	3716.384	757.3286	4.91***
Price Price of substitute	.0003621 .0000594	.000017 0000321	21.26*** 1.85*
Market orientation	−592.0002	241.893	−2.45**
Marketing cost	.0000708	.000804	0.09
Farm size	−19.30261	82.37294	−0.23
Perception of technology	26.68734	47.92456	0.56
Institutional support	−266.0423	110.8724	−2.40**
Income	−2.38e-06	.0001439	−0.02
Education	−123.776	33.64179	−3.68***
R-squared	0.8804
Adj R-squared	0.8638
F-ratio	60.37

Table 3. Independent sample test for food secure and food insecure households

	Levene’s test for equality of variance		t-test for equality of means
			t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean difference	Std. error difference	95% confidence interval of the difference
	F	Sig.						Lower	Upper
Equal variance assumed Equal variance not assumed	56.6	.000	10.825 11.788	198 115.914	.000 .000	21218.35124 21218.35124	1960.17503 1800.03629	17352.8518 17653.1245	25083.8506 24783.5779