Street vended foods in Nigeria: An analysis of the current state of affairs and the way forward

Figures & data

Table 1. List of common street-vended foods in Nigeria

List of Common Street Vended Foods and Beverages in Nigeria
Salad	Jollof rice	Meat pie
Doughnut	Cake	Sausage
Fried meat	Fried chicken	Fried turkey
Edible maggot	Fried fish	Stewed meat
Roasted plantain	Roasted yam	Spaghetti
Boiled White rice	Beans	Buns
Moi-moi	Fried plantain	Dakun
Bean cake (Akara)	Suya	Kundi
Kunu	Pito	Eggs
Soup	Sliced RTE fruits	Shawarma-sandwiches
Plantain chips	Beef sausage rolls	Bottled drinks
Bambara nut pudding	Boiled corn	Roasted corn

Source: Authors’ contribution.

Table 2. Concentration (mg/kg) of lead (Pb) in commonly consumed street-vended foods sold in Nigeria

Street Vended Foods	Lead (Pb) Concentration (mg/kg)
	WHO/FAO maximum permissible limit = 0.01 mg/kg
Salad	0.14
Jollof rice	0.31
Meat pie	0.24
Doughnut	0.21
Cake	0.12
Sausage	0.14
Fried meat	0.31
Fried chicken	0.026
Fried turkey	0.14
Edible maggot	0.014
Fried fish	0.2
Stewed meat	1.34
Roasted plantain	0.31
Roasted yam	0.13
Spaghetti	0.24
White rice	1.033
Beans	1.37
Buns	0.14
Moi-moi	1.24
Fried plantain	0.24

Source: (Ekhator et al., 2017).

Table 3. Some food safety Laws and regulations in Nigeria to date

Nigeria’s Food Safety Laws and Regulations	Year Enacted
Public Health Laws	1917
Public Health Ordinance Cap 165	1958
Standards Organization of Nigeria Decree No. 56	1971
Food and Drug Act No. 35	1974
Animal Disease Control Decree No. 10	1988
Marketing of Breast Milk Substitute Decree No. 41	1990
The Food, Drug, and Related Products (Registration etc) Decree No 19	1993
National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration and Control Decree No 15	1993
Counterfeit and Fake Drugs and Unwholesome Processed Food Act No 25	1999
NAFDAC Act CAP N1 Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria	2004
Marketing (Breast Milk) Act Cap M5 LFN	2004
Food, Drugs & Related Products (Registration etc) Act Cap F33	2004
Food and Drug Act Cap F32 Laws of the FRN	2004
Counterfeit & Fake Drugs and Unwholesome Processed Foods (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act Cap C34 LFN	2004
National Policy on Food Safety and Implementation Strategy (NPFSIS)	2014
Local Government Authority Bye-laws
Proposed Food Safety and Quality Bill (FSQB)	Yet to be passed into law

Sources: (Authors’ own adaptation from Okoruwa & Onuigbo-Chatta, 2021; Omojokun, 2013).

Figure 1. Illustration of the responsibility of government parastatals with respect to street-vended foods in Nigeria’s food safety strategy.

Source: Adapted from (Okoruwa & Onuigbo-Chatta, 2021; Omojokun, 2013).

Ekhator, O. C., Udowelle, N. A., Igbiri, S., Asomugha, R. N., Igweze, Z. N., & Orisakwe, O. E. (2017). Safety evaluation of potential toxic metals exposure from street foods consumed in mid-west Nigeria. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2017, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8458057

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Okoruwa, A., & Onuigbo-Chatta, N. (2021). Review of food safety Policy in Nigeria. Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, 110. Retrieved May 13, 2022. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Augustine-Okoruwa/publication/355210655_Review_of_Food_Safety_Policy_in_Nigeria/links/6168966066e6b95f07cb6639/Review-of-Food-Safety-Policy-in-Nigeria.pdf

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Omojokun, J. (2013). Regulation and enforcement of legislation on food safety in Nigeria. Mycotoxin and Food Safety in Developing Countries, 251–268. Retrieved May 18, 2022, https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/44083.

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