The visible languages on landscape linguistics in primary schools in Kupang and the implementation of education language policy

Figures & data

Chart 1. Languages visibility in the LL of primary schools in Kupang.

Chart 2. Languages visibility in the LL of public primary schools in Kupang.

Chart 3. Languages visibility in the LL of private primary schools in Kupang.

Table 1. Language visibility in LL of public primary schools in Kupang.

Public Primary Schools (PMS)	Monolingual			Bilingual		Total
	Indonesian	English	KML	Indonesian & English	English &Indonesian
PMS1	89	32	2	27	3	153
PMS1	102	24	1	21	4	154
PMS3	81	27	3	19	5	135
Total	272	83	6	67	12	440

Table 2. Language visibility in LL of private primary schools in Kupang.

Private Primary Schools (PMS)	Monolingual					Bilingual			Total
	Indonesian	English	Arabic	Kupang Malay	Spanish	Ind&Eng	Eng&Ind	Ind& Arabic
PMS(A)	91	94	–	–	–	24	16	–	225
PMS(B)	87	23	34	–	–	12	9	17	182
PMS(C)	76	54	–	–	2	8	11	–	151
Total	254	171	34	–	2	44	36	17	558

Figure 1. Indonesian in the primary schools’ identities sign.

Figure 2. Indonesian in schools’ regulations boards.

Figure 3. Warnings and prohibition signs in Indonesian.

Figure 4. Bilingual public signs in Indonesia + English/English + Indonesian.

Figure 5. Bilingual in the room nameplates.

Figure 6. English in the warning, prohibitions, and building character sign.

Figure 7. English in schools’ wall magazines.

Figure 8. Arabic in LL in private primary schools.

Figure 9. Spanish in private primary schools.

Figure 10. Kupang Malay in public primary school.