Carbon monoxide poisoning deaths in Shanghai, China: A 10-year epidemiological and comparative study with the Wuhan sample

Figures & data

Table 1. Months of nonfire-related CO poisoning deaths

Month	Number of events	Number of deaths	Number of accident events	Number of accident deaths	Number of suicide events	Number of suicide deaths
January	21	23	16	18	5	5
February	11	14	8	11	3	3
March	8	12	6	10	2	2
April	8	11	6	9	2	2
May	4	4	2	2	2	2
June	4	4	0	0	4	4
July	4	4	0	0	4	4
August	5	6	2	3	3	3
September	3	3	1	1	2	2
October	3	4	1	2	2	2
November	5	6	3	4	2	2
December	20	29	14	23	6	6
Total	96	120	59	83	37	37

Figure 1. Months of nonfire-related CO poisoning deaths.

Table 2. Months of fire related CO poisoning deaths

Month	Number of events	Number of death
January	7	11
February	6	7
March	2	2
April	7	10
May	1	2
June	1	1
July	1	1
August	2	2
September	4	4
October	1	1
November	6	9
December	5	6
Total	43	56

Figure 2. Months of fire-related CO poisoning deaths.

Table 3. Manner of death and source of CO in nonfire-related CO poisoning deaths

	Manner of death
	Accident (83 victims)	Suicide (37 victims)
Male/female	43/40	21/16
Mean age	37.36/35.85	34.57/29.63
Burning coal or charcoal	11/4	20/16
Showering gas accident	22/30	0/0
Gas leak	1/3	0/0
Industrial accident (during reparation of ventilation system of gas company)	2/0	0/0
Vehicular exhaust	5/3	0/0
Fuel generator	2/0	0/0
CO stored in a balloon	0/0	1/0

Table 4. Statistical comparison of fire-related CO poisoning between Shanghai and Wuhan

Variable	Wuhan	Shanghai	P value
Sex
Males	49	35	.655
Females	39	21
Sex and age
Males <18 years	4	6	1.777
Males 18–60 years	35	21
Males 18–60 years	35	21	.276
Males ≥61 years	10	8
Females <18 years	3	4	.505^a
Females 18–60 years	23	12
Females 18–60 years	23	12	.231
Females ≥61 years	13	5
Location
Indoor environment	73	53	.635^a
Other than indoor environment	1	3
Manner of death
Accident	63	53	3.582
Suicide	12	3

Notes: All numbers were calculated as N in 5,000,000 populations in 10 years. P values were shown by χ² value unless indicated otherwise.

^a Due to small numbers, Fisher’s exact test was used.

^* p < .05.

^** p < .01.

^*** p < .001.

Table 5. Statistical comparison of nonfire-related CO poisoning deaths between Shanghai and Wuhan

Variable	Wuhan	Shanghai	χ^2 value
Sex
Males	58	63	.031*
Females	54	56
Sex and age
Males <18 years	0	5	N/A
Males 18–60 years	47	52
Males 18–60 years	47	52	1.723
Males ≥61 years	11	6
Females <18 years	0	4	N/A
Females 18–60 years	43	47
Females 18–60 years	43	47	2.391
Females ≥61 years	11	5
Location
In the door environment	109	111	2.081
Elsewhere	3	8
Manner of death
Accident	50	82	14.372***
Suicide	63	37
Source of CO
Burning coal/charcoal	59	51	17.866***
Gas showering accident	14	52
Gas leak	39	4	N/A
Vehicular exhaust	0	8
Suicide comparison
Suicide with burning coal/charcoal	45	36	.455
Accident with burning coal/charcoal	14	15
Suicide with burning coal/charcoal	45	36	10.136**
Suicide with other non fire CO poisoning methods	18	1
Laboratory examination
Percentage with COHb results	42.28	65

Notes: With the exception of the laboratory examination rate, all other numbers were adjusted in N in 5,000,000 populations in 10 years.

^* p < .05.

^** p < .01.

^*** p < .001.

Figure 3. Trend of all CO poisoning deaths in Shanghai and Wuhan.

Figure 4. Trend of nonfire-related suicidal CO poisoning deaths in Shanghai and Wuhan.

Figure 5. Trend of nonfire-related accidental CO poisoning deaths in Shanghai and Wuhan.

Figure 6. Trend of fire-related CO poisoning deaths in Shanghai and Wuhan.