Association of serum lipids and coronary artery disease with polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics in patient/control groups

		CAD patients (n = 200)	Controls (n = 200)	Odds ratio (OR)/t	p-value
Age (years)	Mean ± SD	49.65 ± 11.59	48.53 ± 13.38	0.89!	0.37
Males	n (%)	169 (84.5%)	163 (81.5%)	1.12	0.50
Smokers	n (%)	69 (34.5%)	44 (22.0%)	1.34	0.007^*
Non vegetarians	n (%)	92 (46.0%)	78 (39.0%)	1.15	0.19
Family history of premature CAD	n (%)	32 (16.0%)	13 (6.5%)	1.50	0.004^*
Hypertension	n (%)	57 (28.5%)	32 (16.0%)	1.39	0.004^*
Diabetes mellitus	n (%)	48 (24.0%)	13 (6.5%)	1.75	<0.001^*
Alcohol consumers	n (%)	68 (34.0%)	51 (25.5%)	1.22	0.08
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	Mean ± SD	173.84 ± 43.49	135.22 ± 31.24	10.97!	<0.001^*
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	Mean ± SD	193.99 ± 102.41	140.65 ± 62.19	6.29!	<0.001^*
HDL-c (mg/dl)	Mean ± SD	32.72 ± 13.17	27.73 ± 9.89	4.28!	<0.001^*
LDL-c (mg/dl)	Mean ± SD	105.53 ± 39.92	80.75 ± 24.23	7.50!	<0.001^*
VLDL-c (mg/dl)	Mean ± SD	35.45 ± 14.30	28.13 ± 12.44	5.46!	<0.001^*

Abbreviations used: HDL-c—high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c and VLDL-c—low and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol.

^* p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant; !—t test statistics.

Table 2. Apo AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster polymorphisms in CAD patients vs. controls

	CAD patients (n = 200)	Controls (n = 200)	OR (95% CI)	χ^2	p-value
Apo AI, -75G → A polymorphism
AA (mutant)	12 (6.0%)	7 (3.5%)	1.28 (0.89–1.83)	0.88	0.35
GA (Heterozygous)	71 (35.5%)	75 (37.5%)	0.96 (0.78–1.18)	0.09	0.75
GG (Wild type)	117 (58.5%)	118 (59.0%)	0.99 (0.81–1.20)	0.01	0.92
AA vs. GG	12/117	07/118	1.27 (0.88–1.83)	0.78	0.38
GA vs. GG	71/117	75/118	0.98 (0.79–1.20)	0.01	0.90
AA + GA vs. GG (dominant model)	83/117	82/118	1.01 (0.83–1.23)	0.01	0.92
AA vs. GA + GG (recessive model)	12/188	07/193	1.28 (0.89–1.83)	0.88	0.35
Allele A (frequency)	0.24	0.22	1.06 (0.77–1.45)	0.02	0.87
Allele G (frequency)	0.76	0.78
Apo CIII, 3238C → G polymorphism (SstI Polymorphism)
GG (mutant)	21 (10.5%)	20 (10.0%)	1.03 (0.75–1.40)	0.02	0.87
CG (Heterozygous)	74 (37%)	68 (34.0%)	1.07 (0.87–1.30)	0.27	0.60
CC (Wild type)	105 (52.5%)	112 (56.0%)	0.93 (0.77–1.13)	0.36	0.55
GG vs. CC	21/105	20/112	1.05 (0.76–1.47)	0.02	0.87
CG vs. CC	74/105	68/112	1.08 (0.87–1.33)	0.34	0.56
GG + CG vs. CC (dominant model)	95/105	88/112	1.07 (0.88–1.30)	0.36	0.55
GG vs. CG + CC (recessive model)	21/179	20/180	1.03 (0.75–1.40)	0.02	0.87
Allele G (S2 allele frequency)	0.29	0.27	1.05 (0.78–1.42)	0.02	0.87
Allele C (S1 allele frequency)	0.71	0.73
Apo AIV, 347A → T polymorphism (Thr347Ser Polymorphism)
TT (mutant)	30 (15.0%)	19 (9.5%)	1.26 (0.99–1.62)	2.33	0.13
AT (Heterozygous)	81 (40.5%)	75 (37.5%)	1.06 (0.87–1.30)	0.26	0.61
AA (Wild type)	89 (44.5%)	106 (53.0%)	0.84 (0.69–1.03)	2.56	0.10
TT vs. AA	30/89	19/106	1.34 (1.02–1.76)	3.21	0.07
AT vs. AA	81/89	75/106	1.14 (0.92–1.41)	1.13	0.28
TT + AT vs. AA (dominant model)	111/89	94/106	1.19 (0.97–1.45)	2.56	0.11
TT vs. AT + AA (recessive model)	30/170	19/181	1.26 (0.99–1.62)	2.33	0.13
Allele T (347Ser allele frequency)	0.35	0.28	1.17 (0.88–1.55)	0.83	0.36
Allele A (Thr347 allele frequency)	0.65	0.72

^* p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Table 3. Haplotype analysis for association with CAD

Haplotypes^**	Patients (n = 200)	Controls (n = 200)	OR	95% CI	p-value
A-C-A	83 (20.75%)	83 (20.75%)	1	0.71–1.40	1
G-C-T	32 (8.00%)	24 (6.00%)	1.36	0.79–2.35	0.33
G-C-A	164 (41.00%)	183 (45.75%)	0.82	0.62–1.09	0.20
A-C-T	5 (1.25%)	2 (0.5%)	2.52	0.48–13.06	0.45
G-G-T	97 (24.25%)	83 (20.75%)	1.22	0.88–1.70	0.27
A-G-T	7 (1.75%)	4 (1.00%)	1.76	0.51–6.07	0.54
G-G-A	12 (3.00%)	21 (5.25%)	0.56	0.27–1.15	0.15

^* p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

^** The order of SNPs within each haplotype is Apo AI (-75G/A polymorphism); Apo CIII (SSTL polymorphism); Apo AIV (T347S polymorphism).

Table 4. Lipid levels among disease free controls according to different genetic models

	n	Serum lipid levels Mean ± SD (SEM)	95% CI (diff)	p-value
Apo AI, -75G > A polymorphism
AA vs. GG	7 vs. 118
TC (mg/dl)		152.14 ± 45.26 (17.11) vs. 132.47 ± 30.24 (2.78)	−22.22 to 61.56	0.298
TG (mg/dl)		147.71 ± 51.24 (19.37) vs. 135.59 ± 56.48 (5.20)	−35.45 to 59.69	0.565
HDL-c (mg/dl)		34.29 ± 8.48 (3.21) vs. 27.19 ± 9.58 (0.88)	−0.78 to 14.96	0.071
GA vs. GG	75 vs. 118
TC (mg/dl)		137.96 ± 31.09 (3.59) vs. 132.47 ± 30.24 (2.78)	−3.49 to 14.46	0.229
TG (mg/dl)		147.49 ± 65.20 (7.53) vs. 135.59 ± 56.48 (5.20)	−6.19 to 29.99	0.196
HDL-c (mg/dl)		30.23 ± 27.19 (1.18) vs. 27.19 vs. 9.58 (0.88)	0.12 to 5.95	0.042^*
AA + GA vs. GG (dominant model)	82 vs. 118
TC (mg/dl)		139.07 ± 32.41 (3.58) vs. 132.47 ± 30.24 (2.78)	−2.26 to 15.65	0.142
TG (mg/dl)		147.51 ± 63.86 (7.05) vs. 135.59 ± 56.48 (5.20)	−5.38 to 29.22	0.176
HDL-c (mg/dl)		30.57 ± 10.11 (1.12) vs. 27.19 ± 9.58 (0.88)	0.57 to 6.19	0.019^*
AA vs. GA + GG (recessive model)	7 vs. 193
TC (mg/dl)		152.14 ± 45.26 (17.11) vs. 134.61 ± 30.61 (2.20)	−24.34 to 59.41	0.347
TG (mg/dl)		147.71 ± 51.24 (19.37) vs. 140.22 ± 60.14 (4.33)	−39.99 to 54.98	0.717
HDL-c (mg/dl)		34.28 ± 8.48 (3.21) vs. 28.37 ± 9.92 (0.71)	−1.95 to 13.77	0.117
Apo CIII, 3238C > G polymorphism (SstI Polymorphism)
GG vs.CC	20 vs. 112
TC (mg/dl)		138.00 ± 27.60 (6.17) vs. 134.79 ± 30.44 (2.88)	−10.73 to 17.16	0.641
TG (mg/dl)		169.00 ± 49.54 (11.08) vs. 127.70 ± 56.73 (5.36)	16.12 to 66.48	0.002^*
HDL-c (mg/dl)		27.70 ± 9.04 (2.02) vs. 29.30 ± 10.22 (0.97)	−6.19 to 2.98	0.480
CG vs. CC	68 vs. 112
TC (mg/dl)		135.12 ± 33.84 (4.10) vs. 134.79 ± 30.44 (2.88)	−9.58 to 10.24	0.947
TG (mg/dl)		153.15 ± 62.43 (7.57) vs. 127.70 ± 56.73 (5.36)	7.10 to 43.80	0.007^*
HDL-c (mg/dl)		27.65 ± 9.70 (1.18) vs. 29.30 ± 10.22 (0.97)	−4.66 to 1.35	0.278
GG + CG vs.CC (dominant model)	88 vs. 112
TC (mg/dl)		135.77 ± 32.40 (3.45) vs. 134.79 ± 30.44 (2.88)	−7.88 to 9.86	0.826
TG (mg/dl)		156.75 ± 59.85 (6.38) vs. 127.70 ± 56.73 (5.36)	12.61 to 45.50	<0.001^*
HDL-c (mg/dl)		27.66 ± 9.50 (1.01) vs. 29.30 ± 10.22 (0.97)	−4.40 to 1.12	0.241
GG vs. CG + CC (recessive model)	20 vs. 180
TC (mg/dl)		138.00 ± 27.60 (6.17) vs. 134.91 ± 31.68 (2.36)	−10.52 to 16.70	0.644
TG (mg/dl)		169.00 ± 49.54 (11.08) vs. 137.31 ± 60.06 (4.48)	7.11 to 56.26	0.014^*
HDL-c (mg/dl)		27.70 ± 9.04 (2.02) vs. 28.68 ± 10.03 (0.75)	−5.42 to 3.47	0.654
Apo AIV, 347A > T polymorphism (Thr347Ser Polymorphism)
TT vs. AA	19 vs. 106
TC (mg/dl)		138.89 ± 26.58 (6.10) vs. 135.07 ± 30.44 (2.96)	−10.07 to 17.73	0.577
TG (mg/dl)		154.05 ± 57.60 (13.21) vs. 133.65 ± 58.08 (5.64)	−9.19 to 49.99	0.168
HDL-c (mg/dl)		31.58 ± 10.32 (2.37) vs. 29.77 ± 10.30 (1.00)	−3.49 to 7.10	0.489
AT vs. AA	75 vs. 106
TC (mg/dl)		134.51 ± 33.69 (3.89) vs. 135.07 ± 30.44 (2.96)	−10.21 to 9.09	0.909
TG (mg/dl)		146.69 ± 62.08 (7.17) vs. 133.65 ± 58.08 (5.64)	−4.98 to 31.06	0.155
HDL-c (mg/dl)		26.13 ± 8.82 (1.02) vs. 29.77 ± 10.30 (1.00)	−6.46 to −0.82	0.012^*
TT + AT vs. AA (dominant model)	94 vs. 106
TC (mg/dl)		135.39 ± 32.29 (3.33) vs. 135.07 ± 30.44 (2.96)	−8.46 to 9.11	0.941
TG (mg/dl)		148.18 ± 60.97 (6.29) vs. 133.65 ± 58.08 (5.64)	−2.13 to 31.19	0.087
HDL-c (mg/dl)		27.23 ± 9.34 (0.96) vs. 29.77 ± 10.30 (1.00)	−5.28 to 0.20	0.069
TT vs. AT + AA (recessive model)	19 vs. 181
TC (mg/dl)		138.89 ± 26.58 (6.10) vs. 134.83 ± 31.73 (2.36)	−9.44 to 17.56	0.540
TG (mg/dl)		154.05 ± 57.60 (13.21) vs. 139.05 ± 59.95 (4.46)	−13.90 to 43.90	0.294
HDL-c (mg/dl)		31.58 ± 10.32 (2.37) vs. 28.27 ± 9.85 (0.73)	−1.83 to 8.46	0.195

^* p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.