Preference for shared decision-making in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Figures & data

Figure 1. Distribution of the patients’ preference for shared decision-making.

Table 1. Patient characteristics by patients’ preference (3 levels)

Characteristics	Overall		Unimportant		Quite important		Important		p-value
Patients, N (%)	500		35 (7)		206 (41)		259 (52)
Age (mean ± SD)	54.28 ± 10.02		54.60 ± 11.80		53.29 ± 9.18		55.01 ± 10.36		0.062
≤50 years, N (%)	178		12 (7)		77 (43)		89 (50)
51–60 years, N (%)	196		10 (6)		89 (45)		97 (49)
>60 years, N (%)	126		13 (10)		40 (32)		73 (58)
Gender									0.017
Male, N (%)	163		19 (12)		65 (40)		79 (48)
Female, N (%)	337		16 (5)		141 (42)		180 (53)
Marriage status									0.307
Single, N (%)	97		10 (10)		41 (42)		46 (48)
Married, N (%)	403		25 (6)		165 (41)		213 (53)
Highest education									0.726
High school or less, N (%)	180		16 (9)		76 (42)		88 (49)
College, N (%)	120		7 (6)		50 (42)		63 (52)
Bachelor’s degree or higher, N (%)	200		12 (6)		80 (40)		108 (54)
Occupation									0.125
Fulltime, N (%)	164		11 (7)		70 (43)		83 (50)
Part-time, N (%)	78		6 (8)		41 (52)		31 (40)
Self-employed, N (%)	37		4 (11)		10 (27)		23 (62)
House wife, N (%)	141		6 (4)		57 (40)		78 (56)
Retired, N (%)	20		2 (10)		3 (15)		15 (75)
Unemployed, N (%)	57		6 (10)		33 (58)		28 (32)
Others, N (%)	3		0 (0)		2 (67)		1 (33)
Region
Hokkaido, N (%)	26		3 (11)		9 (35)		14 (54)		0.572
Tohoku, N (%)	23		1 (4)		11 (48)		11 (48)		0.751
Kanto, N (%)	230		17 (7)		99 (43)		114 (50)		0.652
Chubu, N (%)	63		2 (3)		24 (38)		37 (59)		0.310
Kansai, N (%)	95		6 (7)		39 (41)		50 (52)		0.954
Chugoku, N (%)	21		3 (14)		10 (48)		8 (38)		0.262
Shikoku, N (%)	11		1 (9)		2 (18)		8 (73)		0.291
Kyushu, N (%)	31		2 (6)		12 (42)		17 (52)		0.940
Annual income	H*	I$	H*	I$	H*	I$	H*	I$
<3.7 M Yen, N (%)	130	286	11 (8)	20 (7)	49 (38)	123 (43)	70 (54)	143 (50)
3.7–7.7 M Yen, N (%)	164	105	9 (5)	7 (6)	67 (40)	43 (40)	88 (55)	55 (54)
>7.7 M Yen, N (%)	101	45	9 (8)	5 (11)	46 (45)	20 (44)	46 (47)	20 (45)
I don’t know, N (%)	105	64	6 (5)	3 (4)	44 (41)	20 (31)	55 (54)	41 (65)
Time since diagnosis (mean ± SD)	10.67 ± 8.63		9.60 ± 8.49		9.98 ± 8.48		11.37 ± 8.73		0.166
≤5 years, N (%)	165		13 (7)		77 (46)		75 (47)
6–10 years, N (%)	146		11 (7)		64 (43)		71 (50)
>10 years, N (%)	189		11 (5)		65 (34)		113 (61)
HAQ score (mean ± SD)	0.40 ± 0.81		0.31 ± 0.57		0.34 ± 0.68		0.46 ± 0.92		<0.001
Comorbidity
Hypertension, N (%)	79		6 (7)		38 (48)		35 (45)		0.341
High cholesterol, N (%)	42		1 (2)		21 (50)		20 (48)		0.299
Diabetes, N (%)	26		2 (7)		8 (30)		16 (63)		0.537
Depression, N (%)	25		4 (16)		9 (36)		12 (48)		0.193
Migraines, N (%)	11		1 (10)		5 (45)		5 (45)		0.902
Heart condition, N (%)	8		1 (12)		2 (25)		5 (63)		0.592
Anxiety, N (%)	8		1 (12)		3 (37)		4 (51)		0.826
Depression condition									0.130
No depression, N (%)	324		20 (6)		122 (37)		182 (57)
Mild depression, N (%)	118		10 (8)		56 (47)		52 (45)
Moderate to severe depression, N (%)	58		5 (8)		28 (48)		25 (44)
Current medication
Pain killer (NSAIDs/oral pain med), N (%)	80		6 (7)		30 (37)		44 (56)		0.764
Steroid, N (%)	110		9 (8)		34 (30)		67 (62)		0.046
RA-related treatment
DMARDs, N (%)	329		27 (8)		152 (46)		150 (46)		0.003
DMARDs + biologic agent, N (%)	113		7 (6)		36 (31)		70 (63)
Biologic agent, N (%)	58		1 (1)		18 (31)		39 (68)

Notes: SD: standard deviation, M: million, H: household, I: individual, HAQ: health activity questionnaire, NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, RA: rheumatoid arthritis, DMARDs: disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.

* One-way ANOVA for annual household income: p = 0.736.

$ One-way ANOVA for annual individual income: p = 0.425.

Table 2. Factor affecting the current patients’ preference to SDM in Japanese RA patients.

Characteristics	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	ORs (95% CI)	p-value	ORs (95% CI)	p-value
Age (Reference: ≤50 years)
51–60 years	1.01 (0.68 – 1.50)	0.095	0.93 (0.62 – 1.41)	0.745
> 60 years	1.25 (0.79 – 1.97)	0.333	1.05 (0.62 – 1.79)	0.845
Gender (reference: male)
Female	1.36 (0.94 – 1.96)	0.102	1.74 (1.09 – 2.77)	0.020
Marital status (reference: single)
Married	1.31 (0.85 – 2.01)	0.223
Highest education (reference: high school or less)
College	1.20 (0.77 – 1.88)	0.424
Bachelor’s degree or higher	1.26 (0.85 – 1.87)	0.243
Occupation (reference: full-time)
Part-time	0.68 (0.41 – 1.14)	0.144	0.50 (0.28 – 0.89)	0.020
Self employed	1.43 (0.69 – 2.98)	0.333	1.37 (0.64 – 2.94)	0.420
House wife	1.23 (0.80 – 1.91)	0.347	0.77 (0.44 – 1.32)	0.339
Retired	2.62 (0.90 – 7.59)	0.076	2.48 (0.78 – 7.92)	0.124
Unemployed	0.88 (0.49 – 1.59)	0.675	0.70 (0.36 – 1.34)	0.282
Others	0.65 (0.08 – 5.22)	0.688	0.77 (0.09 – 6.85)	0.815
Region
Hokkaido	0.99 (0.45 – 2.17)	0.976
Tohoku	0.91 (0.41 – 2.02)	0.820
Kanto	0.85 (0.60 – 1.20)	0.362
Chubu	1.44 (0.85 – 2.42)	0.175	1.40 (0.80 – 2.44)	0.232
Kansai	1.05 (0.68 – 1.63)	0.816
Chugoku	0.52 (0.22 – 1.22)	0.135	0.44 (0.18 – 1.08)	0.073
Shikoku	2.31 (0.60 – 8.88)	0.223
Kyushu	1.13 (0.56 – 2.32)	0.729
Annual individual income (reference: <3.7 M Yen)
3.7–7.7 M Yen	1.09 (0.71 – 1.69)	0.840
>7.7 M Yen	0.76 (0.41 – 1.40)	0.247
Time since diagnose (reference: ≤5 years)
6–10 years	1.12 (0.73 – 1.72)	0.599	0.99 (0.63 – 1.56)	0.978
>0 years	1.73 (1.15 – 2.62)	0.009	1.39 (0.88 – 2.19)	0.158
HAQ score	1.21 (0.97 – 1.52)	0.092	1.10 (0.84 – 1.43)	0.481
Comorbidity
Hypertension	0.73 (0.46 – 1.15)	0.231
High cholesterol	0.94 (0.51 – 1.71)	0.831
Diabetes	1.45 (0.65 – 3.24)	0.369
Migraines	0.77 (0.24 – 2.43)	0.415
Depression	0.71 (0.32 – 1.60)	0.652
Heart condition	1.37 (0.32 – 5.86)	0.674
Anxiety	0.84 (0.21 – 3.34)	0.806
Current medication
Pain killer (NSAIDs/oral pain med)	1.13 (0.71 – 1.82)	0.601
Steroid	1.49 (0.97 – 2.29)	0.065	1.40 (0.88 – 2.22)	0.151
Depression condition (reference: no depression)
Mild depression	0.63 (042 – 0.94)	0.025	0.62 (0.40 – 0.97)	0.034
Moderate to severe depression	0.60 (0.35 – 1.04)	0.068	0.54 (0.30 – 0.99)	0.040
RA-related medication (reference: DMARDs)
DMARDs + biologic agent	1.88 (1.22 – 2.90)	0.004	1.69 (1.05 – 2.71)	0.030
Biologic agent	2.50 (1.40 – 4.48)	0.002	2.00 (1.09 – 3.69)	0.024

Notes: ORs: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, M: million, HAQ: health assessment questionnaire DMARDs: disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.

Bold values indicate significance of 20% or better in the univariate analysis and of 5% or better in the multivariate analysis.