Hemostatic forceps in various gastrointestinal bleeding scenarios: A single center comparative study with endoclip

Figures & data

Table 1. The demographic characteristics of the patients

	Group I (n = 15)	Group II (n = 15)	P value
Mean age in years (range)	46.13 ± 13.37 (24.0–75.0)	52.20 ± 10.71(33.0–66.0)	0.18
Sex (males)	10.0	9.0	0.70
NSAIDs (use)	7.0	9.0	0.46
ASA class (P1/P2/P3)	8/5/2	6/8/1	0.52
Smoking (yes)	7.0	5.0	0.46
History of peptic ulcer (yes)	6.0	5.0	0.71

Table 2. The site and Forrest classification of the lesions

	Group I				Group II
The cause and its site	Forrest class				Forrest class
	Ia	Ib	IIa	Total	Ia	Ib	IIa	Total
Gastric	1	1	3	5.0	1	1	4	6.0
Duodenal	0	1	4	5.0	1	2	3	6.0
Colon	1	1	3	5.0	0	1	2	3.0

Table 3. Outcomes and time needed for hemostasis

	Group I	Group II	P value
Initial hemostasis	15.0	15.0
Recurrent bleeding (yes)	2.0	0.0	0.48*
Time for hemostasis (min)	8.53 ± 3.58 (2.0–15.0)	5.27 ± 2.05 (2.0–10.0)	0.005

* Fisher exact test.