Factors associated with HIV-positive sero-status among exposed infants attending care at health facilities in Bahir Dar administration, Ethiopia: Evidence from medical records

Figures & data

Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of study subjects on PMTCT care in Bahir Dar administration, Ethiopia

Variables	Frequency	Per cent
Place of residence
Urban	381	80
Rural	96	20
Maternal age (years)
15–24	102	21.4
25–34	308	64.6
≥35	68	14.2
Sex of the infant
Male	225	47.2
Female	252	52.8
Literacy of the mother
Able to read and write	162	34.0
Unable to read and write	315	66.0
Place of delivery
Health institution	454	95.2
Home	23	4.8
Occupational status of the mother
Homemaker	174	36.5
Employee	232	48.6
Others	72	15.1

Table 2. Clinical characteristics of mothers and infants at PMTCT follow-up clinics in Bahir Dar administration, Ethiopia

Variables	Frequency (%)	Rate of HIV infection (%)
HIV status of exposed infants	477 (100)	27 (5.8)
Infants growth pattern
Normal	467 (98)	23 (4.9)
Growth failure	10 (10)	4 (40)
No. of weeks of infant enrolment
≤6 weeks	401 (84.1)	17 (4.2)
>6 weeks	76 (15.9)	10 (13.2)
Infant ARV prophylaxis at birth
Yes	460 (96.4)	22 (4.5)
No	17 (3.6)	5 (29.4)
Infant feeding option before 6 months
Exclusive breastfeeding	423 (88.7)	19 (4.5)
Mixed feeding	54 (11.3)	8 (14.8)
No. of weeks co-trimoxazol preventive therapy initiated
≤6 weeks	371 (77.8)	13 (3.5)
>6 weeks	106 (22.2)	14 (13.2)
Mode of delivery
Vaginal	412 (86.4)	16 (3.9)
Episiotomy	65 (13.6)	11 (16.9)
Mothers HIV stage
WHO stages I and II	435 (91.2)	20 (4.6)
WHO stages III and IV	42 (8.8)	7 (16.7)

Table 3. Multivariate analysis of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among exposed infants in Bahir Dar administration, Ethiopia

Variable	HIV status		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
	Negative	Positive
Place of residence
Urban	359	22	1	1
Rural	91	5	1.8 (1.9, 8.7)***	0.8 (0.1, 2.4)
Place of delivery
Health institution	433	21	1	1
Home	17	6	6.5 (3.2, 24.6)***	3.2 (1.8, 10.2)*
No. of weeks of infants at enrolment
≤6 weeks	383	17	1	1
>6 weeks	66	10	3.04 (2.2, 8.6)***	2.1 (0.9, 6.8)
No. of weeks co-trimoxazole preventive therapy initiated
≤6 weeks	357	13	1	1
>6 weeks	92	14	3.4 (1.7, 6.6)***	0.7 (0.2, 2)
Infants’ growth pattern
Normal	444	23	1	1
Growth failure	6	4	12.8 (4.4, 40.8)***	3.2 (1.6, 12)
Infants’ ARV prophylaxis
Yes	438	22	1	1
No	11	5	7.58 (3.5, 25.4)**	4.1 (2.4, 13.5)**
Infant feeding option <6 months
Exclusive breastfeeding	404	19	1	1
Mixed feeding	46	8	8.3 (4.2, 26.0)***	4.4 (2.1, 14.4)**
Mode of delivery
Vaginal	396	16	1	1
Episiotomy	54	11	6.2 (2.3, 15.4)***	5.0 (2.2, 13.1)**
Mothers HIV stage
WHO stages I and II	415	20	1	1
WHO stages III and IV	35	7	11 (5.2, 23.3)***	2.8 (0.87, 8.8)

p–Value: *<0.05; **<0.01; ***<0.001; COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio.