The prevalence of overweight and its association with heart disease in the U.S population

Figures & data

Figure 1. Frequency distribution of weight categories by gender in Brazil

Nutritional status based on body mass index (n=685). Firminopolis, Brazil (2002–2015). *Significant p=0.05.

Figure 2. Flow chart of sample selection

Table 1. Variables and options

VARIABLE	VARIABLE TYPE	RESPONSE OPTIONS
Gender of the sample population	Categorical	Male Female
Age in years	Continuous	N/A (individuals 80 and over are top coded at 80 years of age)
Race/Ethnicity	Categorical	Mexican American other Hispanic Non-Hispanic White Non-Hispanic Black Other Race (including multi-race)
Citizenship status	Categorical	Citizen by birth or naturalization. Not a citizen of the US Refused Don’t know
Educational Level Adults Aged 20+	Categorical	- Less than 9^th Grade - 9-11^th Grade (includes 12^th Grade with no diploma) - High School Grad/GED or Equivalent - Some College or AA degree - College Graduate or above Refused - Don’t know
Marital Status	Categorical	Married Widowed Divorced Separated Never married
Annual Family Income	Categorical	$0 to 4,999 USD 5,000 USD to 9,999 USD 10,000 USD to 14,999 USD 15,000 USD to 19,999 USD 20,000 USD to 24,999 USD 25,000 USD to 34,999 USD 35,000 USD to 44,999 USD 45,000 USD to 54,999 USD 55,000 USD to 64,999 USD 65,000 USD to 74,999 USD Over 20,000 USD Under 20,000 USD 75,000 USD to 99,999 USD 100,000 USD and Over Refused Don’t know
VARIABLE	VARIABLE TYPE	RESPONSE OPTIONS
Doctor ever said you were overweight?	Categorical	Yes No Refused Don’t know
Ever told had congestive heart failure	Categorical	Yes No Refused Don’t know
Age when told you had heart failure	Continuous	N/A (range of values; 80–80 years or older; 77,777—refused; 99,999—don’t know)
Ever told you had coronary heart disease	Categorical	Yes No Refused Don’t know
Age when told you had coronary heart disease	Continuous	N/A (range of values; 80–80 years or older; 77,777—refused; 99,999—don’t know)

Table 2. Sociodemographic Characteristics

Patients	n (%)
Total In sample	9,756 (100)
Gender
Male	4,856 (49.8)
Female	4,900 (50.2)
Race/Ethnicity
Mexican American	1,355 (13.9)
Hispanic	1,076 (11.0)
Non-Hispanic White	2,973 (30.5)
Non-Hispanic Black	2,683 (27.5)
Non-Hispanic Asian	1,282 (13.1)
Non-Hispanic Multi racial	387 (4.0)
Educational Level
Less than 12^th grade	550 (5.6)
9–11^th grade (includes 12^th grade with no diploma)	782 (8.0)
High School Graduate/GED or equivalent	1,169 (12.1)
Some college or AA degree	1657 (17.0)
College graduate or above	1397 (14.3)
Refuse	2 (0.0)
Don’t Know	3 (0.0)
Missing	4196 (43.0)
Age in Years at Screening
0–79 years old	9393 (96.3)
80 Years and above	363 (3.7)
Marital status
Married	2683 (27.5)
Widowed	467 (4.8)
Divorced	571 (5.9)
Separated	204 (2.1)
Never Married	1188 (12.2)
Living with partner	440 (4.5)
Refused	6 (0.0)
Don’t Know	1 (0.0)
-Missing-	4196 (43.0)
Citizenship Status
Citizen by birth or naturalization	8685 (89.0)
Not a citizen of the U.S.	1040 (10.7)
Refused	26 (0.3)
Don’t Know	0 (0.0)
Missing	5 (0.0)
Annual Family Income
$0—$4,999	426 (4.4)
$5,000—$9,999	525 (5.4)
$10,000—$14,999	802 (8.2)
$15,000—$19,999	747 (7.7)
$20,000—$24,999	797 (8.2)
$25,000—$34,999	1129 (11.6)
$35,000—$44,999	911 (9.3)
$45,000—$54,999	618 (6.3)
$55,000—$64,999	405 (4.2)
$65,000—$74,999	416 (4.3)
$20,000 and over	248 (2.5)
Under 20,000	129 (1.3)
$75,000—$99,999	754 (7.7)
$100,000 and over	1389 (14.2)
Refused	276 (2.8)
Don’t Know	136 (1.4)
Missing	51 (0.5)

Table 3. Overweight response categories by Sociodemographic characteristics

Patients	Overweight—Yes n (%)	Overweight—No n (%)	Overweight—Don’t Know n (%)	Overweight - Refused n (%)	*p-value
Gender					0.00
Males	782 (41.3)	2264 (53.0)	1 (100)	2 (66.7)
Females	1,113 (58.7)	2,011 (47.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (33.3)
Race/Ethnicity					0.00
Mexican American	206 (10.9)	434 (10.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Hispanic	221 (11.7)	421 (9.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Non-Hispanic White	705 (37.2)	1,469 (34.3)	1 (100)	1 (33.3)
Non-Hispanic Black	576 (30.4)	1,077 (25.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Non-Hispanic Asian	130 (6.9)	746 (17.5)	0 (0.0)	2 (66.7)
Non-Hispanic multi-racial	57 (3.0)	128 (3.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Educational Level					0.00
Less than 12^th grade	169 (9.4)	379 (10.1)	0 (0.0)	2 (66.7)
9–11^th grade (includes 12^th grade with no diploma)	254 (14.2)	527 (14.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (33.3)
High School Graduate/GED or equivalent	383 (21.4)	786 (20.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Some college or AA degree	564 (31.5)	1,093 (29.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
College graduate or above	420 (23.5)	977 (26.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Refuse	0 (0.0)	1 (0.0)	1 (100)	0 (0.0)
Don’t Know	1 (0.1)	2 (0.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Age in Years at Screening					0.00
0–79 years old
80 Years and above
Marital status					0.00
Married	873 (49.0)	1,807 (48.0)	1 (100.0)	2 (66.7)
Widowed	171 (9.6)	295 (8.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (33.3)
Divorced	229 (12.8)	342 (9.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Separated	70 (3.9)	134 (3.6)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Never Married	332 (18.5)	856 (22.7)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Living with partner	113 (6.3)	327 (8.7)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Refused	3 (0.2)	3 (0.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Don’t Know	0 (0.0)	1 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Citizenship Status					0.00
Citizen by birth or naturalization	1,692 (89.4)	3,551 (83.1)	1 (100.0)	3 (100.0)
Not a citizen of the U.S	195 (10.3)	704 (16.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Refused	5 (0.3)	18 (0.4)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Annual Family Income					0.00
$0—$4,999	65 (3.4)	219 (5.2)		0 (0.0)
$5,000—$9,999	117 (6.2)	228 (5.4)		0 (0.0)
$10,000—$14,999	174 (9.2)	366 (8.6)		0 (0.0)
$15,000—$19,999	148 (7.8)	318 (7.5)		1 (33.3)
$20,000—$24,999	155 (8.2)	333 (7.9)		0 (0.0)
$25,000—$34,999	216 (11.4)	448 (10.6)		0 (0.0)
$35,000—$44,999	173 (9.2)	390 (9.2)		0 (0.0)
$45,000—$54,999	100 (5.3)	284 (6.7)		0 (0.0)
$55,000—$64,999	101 (5.4)	182 (4.3)		1 (33.3)
$65,000—$74,999	98 (5.2)	176 (4.2)		1 (33.3)
$20,000 and over	53 (2.8)	119 (2.8)		0 (0.0)
Under 20,000	24 (1.3)	48 (1.1)		0 (0.0)
$75,000—$99,999	149 (7.9)	291 (6.9)		0 (0.0)
$100,000 and over	249 (13.2)	624 (14.7)		0 (0.0)
Refused	42 (2.2)	146 (3.4)		0 (0.0)
Don’t Know	25 (1.3)	70 (1.7)		0 (0.0)

Note: The table above shows overweight/obesity outcome for all the demographic variables in the dataset.

Figure 3. Relationship between overweight and gender demographics

Note: On the x-axis, 1 represents Male Gender, 2 represents Female Gender. Mean of mcq080 between 00 and 2 indicates the mean of the overweight population in the dataset.

Figure 4. Relationship between overweight and ethnicity demographics

Note: On the x-axis, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 represents Mexican American, Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Non-Hispanic Asian, and Non-Hispanic Multi racial. Mean of mcq080 between 00 and 2 indicates the mean of the overweight population in the dataset.

Figure 5. Bar chart showing people who are overweight and whether they have coronary heart disease or not

Note: On the x-axis, 1 represents “Yes, doctor said I have coronary heart disease”, 2 represents “No, doctor said I don’t have coronary heart disease”, 7 represents “Refused”, people who didn’t answer the question and 9 represent people who do not know if they have coronary heart disease. Mean of mcq080 between 00 and 8 indicates the mean of the overweight population in the dataset.

Figure 6. Bar chart showing people who are overweight and whether they have congestive heart failure or not

Note: Note: On x-axis, 1 represent Yes, doctor said I have congestive heart failure, 2 represent No, doctor said I don’t have congestive heart failure, 7 represent “Refused”, people who didn’t answer the question and 9 represent people who do not know if they have congestive heart failure. Mean of mcq080 between 00 and 8 indicates the mean of the overweight population in the dataset.

Figure 7. The (Ng et al., 2014) study showing the prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI≥25) and obesity (BMI≥30), by age and sex.

Ng, M., Fleming, T., Robinson, M., Thomson, B., Graetz, N., Margono, C., Mullany, E. C., Biryukov, S., Abbafati, C., Abera, S. F., Abraham, J. P., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Achoki, T., AlBuhairan, F. S., Alemu, Z. A., Alfonso, R., Ali, M. K., Ali, R., Guzman, N. A., Ammar, W., & Gakidou, E. (2014). Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2013. Lancet (London, England), 384(9945), 766–781. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8

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Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available in National Center for Health Statistics at https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/default.aspx. These data were derived from the following resources available in the public domain: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/continuousnhanes/default.aspx?BeginYear=2011.