Estimating geographic patterns of ophidism risk in Ecuador

Figures & data

Table 1. Summary of ecological niche modelling inputs and evaluations.

Species	T Occ	F Occ	N Calib	N Test	AUC r
Bothriechis schlegelii	416	173	138	35	1.797
Bothriopsis bilineata	59	56	45	11	1.683
Bothriopsis pulchra	15	15	12	3	1.718
Bothriopsis taeniata	41	31	25	6	1.090
Bothrocophias campbelli	9	4	–	–	–
Bothrocophias hyoprora	44	25	20	5	1.537
Bothrocophias microphthalmus	14	3	–	–	–
Bothrops asper	1482	279	223	56	1.746
Bothrops atrox	848	103	82	21	1.081
Bothrops brazili	32	2	–	–	–
Bothrops lojanus	4	3	–	–	–
Bothrops punctatus	23	16	–	–	–
Lachesis acrochorda	4	4	–	–	–
Lachesis muta	85	39	31	8	1.656
Leptomicrurus narduccii	52	27	22	5	1.479
Micrurus ancoralis	43	19	15	4	1.656
Micrurus annellatus	9	0	–	–	–
Micrurus bocourti	3	3	–	–	–
Micrurus dumerilii	47	47	38	9	0.254
Micrurus filiformis	8	0	–	–	–
Micrurus hemprichii	8	0	–	–	–
Micrurus langsdorffi	31	19	15	4	1.378
Micrurus lemniscatus	71	46	37	9	1.986
Micrurus margaritiferus	6	2	–	–	–
Micrurus mipartitus	120	97	78	19	1.929
Micrurus ornatissimus	13	11	9	2	1.918
Micrurus spixii	65	49	39	10	1.745
Micrurus steindachneri	15	8	6	2	1.739
Micrurus surinamensis	33	24	19	5	1.684
Micrurus tschudii	8	8	–	–	–
Porthidium nasutum	105	64	51	13	1.660

Notes:

T Occ = total occurrences, F Occ = filtered occurrences, N Calib = calibration occurrences, N Test = evaluation occurrences, AUC r = AUC ratio of Partial ROC (the absence of a value in this column indicates that the species was not modelled).

Figure 1. Ecological niche models for the two most dangerous snakes in Ecuador (Bothrops asper and B. atrox). Photo credits: B. asper (Jerry Oldenettel) and B. atrox (Andreas Schlüter). Source: Authors.

Table 2. Species values that weights their probability to cause human envenomation.

Species	Weights based on incidence data
Bothrops asper	80.0
Bothrops atrox	58.0
Bothrops bilineatus	36.0
Bothrops taeniatus	5.0
Bothriechis schlegelii	5.0
Lachesis muta	5.0
Bothrocophias hyoprora	5.0
Porthidium nasutum	5.0
Bothrops pulchra	5.0
Micrurus mipartitus	0.1
Micrurus spixii	0.1
Micrurus ancoralis	0.1
Micrurus lemniscatus	0.1
Micrurus surinamensis	0.1
Micrurus dumerilii	0.1
Micrurus ornatissimus	0.1
Micrurus steindachneri	0.1
Micrurus langsdorffi	0.1
Micrurus narduccii	0.1

Figure 2. Snakebite risk map for Ecuador. Source: Authors.

Figure 3. Categories of snakebite risk for densely populated rural communities in Ecuador. Source: Authors.