Using noninvasive techniques to monitor game species targeted by poaching in Misiones, Argentina

Figures & data

Figure 1. Location of Misiones, Argentina, in South America (inset). Map of Misiones province showing protected areas across the northern and central zones. These areas are shown in relation to the land-use pattern existing in Misiones in 2009: forest, fragmented or altered areas, and large bodies of water [27]

Table 1. The three species-specific mitochondrial (mtDNA) sequences (110 bp) generated from the scats in this study. Sequences were compared with entries in GenBank to confirm species identity. n= number of species identified

	n	1																			20
white-lipped peccary	98	T	G	G	C	A	A	T	A	C	G	T	A	T	C	C	C	A	T	G	A
collared peccary	13	_	_	_	T	_	G	G	_	_	A	_	_	_	_	_	T	_	_	A	_
tapir	26	C	_	_	_	_	_	A	_	_	_	_	_	G	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
		21																			40
white-lipped peccary		A	G	G	C	T	G	T	A	G	C	T	A	T	A	G	T	C	A	T	T
collared peccary		_	_	_	_	G	_	_	T	_	_	_	_	_	T	A	C	T	G	_	_
tapir		_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	C	_	_	_	A	_	_	G	_	G
		41																			60
white-lipped peccary		A	G	T	A	G	A	A	T	A	A	T	A	A	T	T	C	C	G	G	T
collared peccary		_	_	_	_	_	G	_	G	_	_	_	_	_	C	_	_	_	_	A	_
tapir		_	A	_	_	_	T	_	G	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	A	_
		61																			80
white-lipped peccary		G	T	T	T	C	A	T	G	T	T	T	T	T	A	G	A	A	A	T	A
collared peccary		_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	C	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
tapir		_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	C	_	_	_	G	_	_	_	G
		81																			100
white-lipped peccary		G	G	T	A	G	G	A	T	C	C	G	T	A	A	T	A	T	A	G	T
collared peccary		_	_	_	_	_	_	_	C	_	_	A	_	_	G	_	_	_	_	_	_
tapir		T	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	A	_	_	_	_	_	C	_	A	A
		101									110
white-lipped peccary		C	C	T	C	G	G	C	C	T	A
collared peccary		_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
tapir		_	_	_	_	_	T	_	_	_	_

Table 2. A summary of how the number of scats (% of total) of the three targeted species (white-lipped peccary, collared peccary, and tapir), plus a total of them, are distributed across Misiones, Argentina. They are shown specified by zone (northern vs central), and combining both, with the total of all samples noted (n) in every case. For each zone, the data are summarized in two distinct ways: (1) relative to the type of habitat; specifically, whether the scats were in intact (native forest) or fragmented (heterogeneous landscape) environments and (2) relative to protected areas; specifically, whether samples were located inside or outside of protected areas

		Targeted Species
Zone (n)	Location	White-lipped peccary	Collared peccary	Tapir	Total
North (112)	Habitat type
	native forest	9 (9.2%)	3 (23.1%)	18 (69.2%)	30 (21.9%)
	heterogeneous landscape	67 (68.4%)	9 (69.2%)	6 (23.1%)	82 (59.9%)
	Protected area
	inside	26 (26.6%)	11 (84.6%)	23 (88.5%)	60 (43.8%)
	outside	50 (51.0%)	1 (7.7%)	1 (3.8%)	52 (38.0%)
Central (25)	Habitat type
	native forest	16 (16.3%)	0 (0%)	2 (7.7%)	18 (13.1%)
	heterogeneous landscape	6 (6.1%)	1 (7.7%)	0 (0%)	7 (5.1%)
	Protected area
	inside	16 (16.3%)	0 (0%)	2 (7.7%)	18 (13.1%)
	outside	6 (6.1%)	1 (7.7%)	0 (0%)	7 (5.1%)
Combined (137)	Habitat type
	native forest	25 (25.5%)	3 (23.1%)	20 (76.9%)	48 (35.0%)
	heterogeneous landscape	73 (74.5%)	10 (76.9%)	6 (23.1%)	89 (65.0%)
	Protected Area
	inside	42 (42.9%)	11 (84.6%)	25 (96.2%)	78 (56.9%)
	outside	56 (57.1%)	2 (15.4%)	1 (3.8%)	59 (43.1%)

Izquierdo AE, Clark ML. Spatial analysis of conservation priorities based on ecosystem services in the Atlantic forest region of Misiones, Argentina. Forests. 2012;3:764–786.

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar