The complete mitogenome of the Mugil cephalus (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) from the Yellow Sea, China

Figures & data

Figure 1. Species image of Mugil cephalus. The dead mature individual was collected by Lei Gao from the Coast of Qingdao (120°22′44″ E, 36°18′0″ N) in 2019 which body’s length was about 20 cm, fully possessed the characteristics of M. cephalus. This photo was taken in Qingdao in 2019, by Lei Gao with the author’s approval for use.

Figure 2. The circular-mapping mitochondrial genome of Mugil cephalus ON262567 prepared using the MitoFish web server. Genes inside the circle are transcribed clockwise, whereas those outside are transcribed counterclockwise.

Table 1. Sequence similarities of mitochondrial DNA among five localities of Mugil cephalus.

Region	Similarity (%)
	YS vs. NWP1	YS vs. NWP2	YS vs. NWP3	YS vs. EA	NWP1 vs. NWP2	NWP1 vs. EA	NWP1 vs. NWP3	EA vs. NWP2	NWP2 vs. NWP3	EA vs. NWP3
ND1	100 (99.7)	95.0 (97.8)	94.2 (96.9)	95.3 (98.4)	95.1 (98.1)	95.4 (98.8)	94.9 (96.9)	95.8 (98.8)	95 (96.9)	94.6 (96.9)
ND2	99.2 (99.2)	91.1 (95.5)	90.4 (95.8)	91.5 (94.9)	90.3 (94.4)	90.8 (94.4)	90.0 (94.7)	95.0 (97.7)	93.6 (98.3)	93.4 (96.9)
12S rRNA	100	98.4	97.5	97.8	98.4	97.8	97.5	98.7	98.4	98
16S rRNA	99.9	98.7	97.4	98.1	98.7	98.1	97.4	98.4	97.6	97.6
COI	100 (100)	97.4 (100)	95.9 (99.6)	97.5 (99.8)	97.4 (100)	97.5 (100)	95.9 (99.6)	98.3 (100)	96.6 (99.6)	96.9 (99.6)
COII	100 (100)	98.3 (100)	96.5 (99.6)	97.8 (100)	98.3 (100)	97.8 (100)	96.4 (99.6)	99.1 (100)	97.0 (99.6)	96.2 (99.6)
ATP8	100 (100)	97.6 (98.2)	95.2 (100)	97.6 (98.2)	97.6 (100)	97.6 (100)	95.2 (100)	97.6 (100)	95.2 (100)	100 (100)
ATP6	99.9 (100)	95.3 (99.6)	94.7 (99.6)	95.2 (99.6)	95.2 (100)	95.0 (100)	94.6 (99.6)	95.6 (100)	94.9 (99.6)	95.2 (99.6)
COIII	100 (100)	96.9 (100)	96.8 (100)	97.2 (99.6)	96.9 (99.9)	97.2 (99.6)	96.8 (100)	96.8 (100)	96.8 (100)	96.8 (99.6)
ND3	100 (100)	92.3 (99.1)	91.7 (98.3)	94.0 (99.1)	92.3 (99.1)	94.0 (99.1)	91.7 (98.3)	92.8 (98.3)	91.4 (97.4)	93.7 (98.3)
ND4L	99.9 (100)	96.0 (99.0)	94.3 (95.9)	95.3 (99.0)	94.4 (100)	95.4 (100)	94.3 (95.9)	97.3 (100)	92.3 (95.9)	92.3 (95.9)
ND4	100 (100)	95.7 (98.7)	94.9 (98.7)	96.4 (98.5)	95.7 (98.3)	96.4 (98.5)	94.9 (98.7)	96.0 (99.1)	94.8 (98.6)	95.1 (98.9)
ND5	99.9 (100)	95.3 (99.7)	92.9 (98.4)	100 (97.6)	95.4 (99.8)	95.6 (99.5)	93.0 (98.5)	95.9 (99.3)	93.4 (98.4)	94.6 (98.4)
ND6	100 (100)	94.1 (94.8)	89.8 (94.8)	87.9 (92.1)	94.1 (95.4)	88.1 (88.4)	89.7 (94.8)	87.9 (90.8)	89.0 (93.7)	87.9 (87.9)
Cytb	99.9 (100)	94.6 (99.7)	93.6 (98.9)	95.2 (100)	94.6 (99.7)	95.3 (99.2)	93.7 (98.9)	95.3 (98.9)	93.3 (98.7)	93.4 (98.7)
D-loop	91.6	75.0	61.9	70.1	74.1	64.8	64.9	68.9	64.3	58.0
Total	99.4 (99.9)	95.0 (99.0)	94.0 (98.3)	94.5 (98.5)	94.9 (98.9)	94.1 (98.5)	93.9 (98.3)	95.2 (98.9)	94.6 (98.5)	93.8 (98.1)

Values in parentheses indicate amino acid similarity. YS: M. cephalus from the Yellow Sea (GenBank: ON262567); NWP1: M. cephalus from Northwestern Pacific1 (GenBank: AP002930); NWP2: M. cephalus from Northwestern Pacific2 (GenBank: KM368340); NWP3: M. cephalus from Northwestern Pacific3 (GenBank: KM861225); EA: M. cephalus from East Australia (GenBank: KP018403).

Figure 3. Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic tree reconstruction of Mugil cephalus in Mugilidae based on the 13 concatenated nucleotide sequences of protein-coding genes, utilizing GTR + I + G as best fitting model and after running for 10 million generations. Cyprinus carpio and crossostoma lacustre were set as outgroups. The bold black font represents the species in the present study. The numbers beside the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities. GenBank accession numbers are beside taxon names. Behind the dotted lines are the collection sites.

Data availability statement

The genome sequence data that support the findings of this study are openly available in GenBank of NCBI at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ under accession no. ON262567. The associated BioProject, Biosample, and SRA numbers are PRJNA876817, SAMN30673209, and SRR21493539, respectively.