Advancing maritime technology: Evaluating situation awareness support systems for engine room monitoring at the future shore control centre

Figures & data

Figure 1. The default screens of the two situation awareness support systems. The type “A” shows only important perception elements in comprising comprehension as default, while all information are shown in the type “B” interface.

Table 1. The monitoring scenario description with fault details, ship initial conditions and interface types.

Scenario	Fault Start and Stop Time		Initial Condition	Interface Type
S1	F1 (180s – 300s)	F2 (360s – 480s)	Full speed	Type A
S2	F2 (240s – 360s)	F1 (450s – 570s)	Low speed	Type B
S3	F3 (180s – 300s)	F4 (360s – 480s)	Low speed	Type A
S4	F4 (240s – 360s)	F3 (450s – 570s)	Full speed	Type B

Table 2. The comparisons of objective situation awareness between interfaces.

Situation Awareness	Interface Type (Scenario)		df	t statistic	p (two-tail)
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
	Type A (S1)	Type B (S2)
Perception	0.593 (0.212)	0.648 (0.250)	15	–0.875	0.395
Comprehension	0.896 (0.120)	0.896 (0.120)	15	0	1
	Type A (S3)	Type B (S4)
Perception	0.633 (0.180)	0.656 (0.161)	15	–0.401	0.694
Comprehension	0.688 (0.057)	0.792 (0.143)	15	–2.824	0.013

Table 3. The comparisons of subjective situation awareness between interfaces.

	Interface Type (Scenario)
Situation Awareness	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	df	t statistic	p (two-tail)
	Type A (S1)	Type B (S2)
Total	5.066 (1.611)	5.438 (2.421)	15	-1.103	0.287
Demand (D)	5.625 (0.806)	4.938 (1.482)	15	1.580	0.135
Supply (S)	5.375 (0.957)	4.750 (1.528)	15	1.373	0.190
Understanding (U)	5.313 (1.195)	5.625 (1.408)	15	-1.576	0.136
	Type A (S3)	Type B (S4)
Total	4.625 (2.579)	5.625 (2.391)	15	-1.464	0.164
Demand (D)	5.438 (1.315)	4.500 (1.549)	15	2.798	0.014
Supply (S)	4.813 (1.276)	4.500 (1.211)	15	1.159	0.264
Understanding (U)	5.250 (1.653)	5.625 (1.360)	15	-1.246	0.232

Table 4. Comparisons of fault response speed by fault and interface types.

Fault Type	Interface Type (Scenario)				df	t statistic	p (two-tail)
	Mean (SD)	n	Mean (SD)	n
	Type A		Type B
F1 (AC)	79.19 (41.27)	16	60.75 (43.99)	16	15	1.413	0.178
F2 (EX)	84.63 (31.77)	16	98.13 (21.58)	16	15	-1.654	0.119
F3 (HT)	112.56 (20.34)	16	101.06 (30.46)	16	15	2.219	0.042
F4 (TC)	117.13 (9.00)	16	84.81 (36.74)	16	15	3.553	0.003

Table 5. Proportions of fault detection rate by fault and interface types.

F1 (AC)	Type B			F3 (HT)	Type B
Type A	Corr	Miss	Total	Type A	Corr	Miss	Total
Corr	11	1	12	Corr	1	0	1
Miss	4	0	4	Miss	4	11	15
Total	15	1	16	Total	5	11	16
Test statistic	1.800			Test statistic	4.000
p	0.180			p	0.046
F2 (EX)	Type B			F4 (TC)	Type B
Type A	Corr	Miss	Total	Type A	Corr	Miss	Total
Corr	12	1	13	Corr	0	1	1
Miss	2	1	3	Miss	8	7	15
Total	14	2	16	Total	8	8	16
Test statistic	0.333			Test statistic	5.444
p	0.564			p	0.020

Table 6. Comparisons of change blindness, encoding and comparison errors between interfaces.

	Interface Type (Scenario)
	The Total Number of		n	Z	p (two-tail)
	Type A (S1)	Type B (S2)
Change Blindness	7	3	16	1.516	0.129
Encoding Error	1	11	16	2.823	0.005
Comparison Error	6	0	16	-2.333	0.020
	Type A (S3)	Type B (S4)
Change Blindness	30	19	16	2.441	0.015
Encoding Error	7	4	16	-1.039	0.299
Comparison Error	11	11	16	-0.064	0.949