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Special Topic: Distraction

Investigating the Disturbance Impact of Background Speech on Verbal and Visual-Spatial Short-Term Memory: On the Differential Contributions of Changing-State and Phonology to the Irrelevant Sound Effect

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Pages 52-71 | Received 22 Nov 2021, Accepted 11 Sep 2022, Published online: 02 Oct 2022

Figures & data

Figure 1. Percentages of correctly recalled items in the verbal (left panel) and visual-spatial (right panel) serial recall task as a function of the type of sound condition. SWS = sinewave speech. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean. Effect indicators represent the irrelevant sound effect by comparison of all respective sound conditions with silence. *p < .01.

Figure 1. Percentages of correctly recalled items in the verbal (left panel) and visual-spatial (right panel) serial recall task as a function of the type of sound condition. SWS = sinewave speech. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean. Effect indicators represent the irrelevant sound effect by comparison of all respective sound conditions with silence. *p < .01.

Figure 2. Scatter plot for OSPAN score and the amount of disruption by phonological/changing-state content measured by difference scores with SWS minus unaltered speech (phonological effect; upper panels) and with steady-state minus changing-state sound conditions (changing-state effect; lower panels) for both verbal and visual-spatial serial recall.

Figure 2. Scatter plot for OSPAN score and the amount of disruption by phonological/changing-state content measured by difference scores with SWS minus unaltered speech (phonological effect; upper panels) and with steady-state minus changing-state sound conditions (changing-state effect; lower panels) for both verbal and visual-spatial serial recall.