Perceptions of quality of care during birth at private Chiranjeevi facilities in Gujarat: lessons for Universal Health Coverage

Figures & data

Figure 1. Locations of Chiranjeevi Yojana participant and non-participant facilities in Dahod and Surendranagar districts

Table 1. Characteristics of interviewees

Categories	Number of participants
Age
18–20	7
21–25	13
>25	10
Years of education
Nil	9
1–7 yrs	16
8–10 yrs	3
>10 yrs	2
Caste^a
General/Other Backward Castes (OBC)	16
Scheduled Castes (SC)	3
Scheduled Tribes (ST)	11
Parity
Primipara	14
2–3 Children	12
4 and more	4
Birth interventions (for this birth)
Births by caesarean section	4
Episiotomies	13
Complications during birth^b	6
Enema administered	6
IV fluid administered	27
Shaved	10
Employment of mother
Irregular (seasonal) income	20
Regular	1
None	9
Employment of husband
Agriculture/dairy farming on own farm along with daily wage labour	16
Exclusively daily wage earner	9
Earn regular salaries / own business	4
Not earning / Unemployed	1
Borrowed money for birthing expenditure
Eligible beneficiary (ElgB)	8
Eligible non-beneficiary (ElgNB)	7
Ineligible (Inelg)	5
Expenditure, minimum, maximum; average, in INR (Average in USD)
Eligible beneficiary (ElgB)	20, 2,250; 1,009 ($16.8)
Eligible non-beneficiary (ElgNB)	965, 13,800; 3,246 ($54)
Ineligible (Inelg)	2,605, 12,100; 6,422 ($107)

^a Castes are a social categorisation recognised by the Indian constitution. These caste lists are regularly updated by the government and are used to identify beneficiaries for government programmes. Scheduled Tribes are a disadvantaged group in the country and constitute ∼7.5% of India’s population and 15% of Gujarat’s population.

^b Haemorrhage, pregnancy-induced hypertension, transverse lie, cephalo-pelvic disproportion, premature rupture of membranes (leaking), anaemia.