The cost-effectiveness of sexual and reproductive health and rights interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow diagram for selection of publications

 Adapted from Tricco et al.¹²

Table 1. General characteristics of included publications (n = 462)

	Number	Percentage
Publication year
Up to 2000	9	2
2001–2010	105	23
2011–2020	348	75
Publication type
Journal article	459	99
Grey literature report	3	1
Scope
Single-country analysis	385	83
Multi-country analysis	77	17
Multiple regions	60	13

NB: For the year 2020, publications published until 20 August were included.

Figure 2. Geographical distribution of the economic evaluations reported in the included publications

 Abbreviations: SDG, sustainable development goal; WHO, World Health Organization.

Table 2. Methodological characteristics of included publications (n = 462)

	Number	Percentage
Model versus single-based analysis
Model-based analysis	377	82
Single-based analysis	85	18
Type of economic evaluation
CEA	199	43
CUA	181	39
CBA	6	1
CEA and CUA	70	15
CEA and CBA	1	<1
CUA and CBA	3	1
Extended CEA	2	<1

Abbreviatons: CBA, cost–benefit analysis; CEA, cost-effectiveness analysis; CUA, cost-utility analysis.

Figure 3. Number of evaluations included within the components of the SRHR package

 Abbreviations: CSE, comprehensive sexuality education; SRH, sexual and reproductive health; STIs, sexually transmitted infections; GBV, gender-based violence. NB: Interventions falling into two or more components (e. g. STI testing in ANC, condoms for HIV prevention or modern contraceptives for post-abortion care) have been tagged against all components, thus explaining the higher overall number of economic evaluations in Figure 3 (n = 517) compared to the number of publications included in this scoping review (n = 462). Evaluations of both HIV/AIDS and other STIs were also tagged twice to illustrate the difference in the number of evaluations on HIV/AIDS interventions compared to other STIs.

Figure 4. Economic evaluations published annually between 1994 and 2000 according to SRHR package component

 Abbreviations: CSE, comprehensive sexuality education; SRH, sexual and reproductive health; SRHR, sexual and reproductive health and rights; STIs, sexually transmitted infections; GBV, gender-based violence.

Tricco A, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMAScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169:467–473.

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Data availability statement

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials.