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Figures & data
Table 1. Hierarchical classification of castes in Pakistan (after Rose, 1911)Citation40
Figure 1. Hypothesised relationship between socio-demographic, economic and maternal health service variables available for examination in the present study, drawn in the form of a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) using the freeware programme www.dagitty.netCitation42
Table 2. The distribution of caste, age and socio-economic characteristics; and of maternal health care indicators amongst the 1385 households providing complete data on all variables, before and after disaggregation by district
Table 3. The distribution of age and socio-economic characteristics; and of maternal health care indicators, disaggregated by caste across all respondents and within each district separately
Table 4. Estimates of the total (probabilistic, unadjusted) effect of caste on each of the subsequent socio-demographic and economic characteristics; and maternal health care indicators, expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in parentheses
Table 5. Estimates of the total (confounder-adjusted, probabilistic) effect of each of the sociodemographic and economic characteristics on subsequent maternal health care indicators, expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in parentheses
Figure 2. Simplified causal path diagram summarising the estimated strength of: (i) the total (probabilistic) causal effects of caste on each successive socio-demographic and economic characteristic, and the four maternal health care indicators (treated as a composite outcome); and (ii) the total (adjusted, probabilistic) causal effects of each successive socio-demographic and economic characteristic on the composite maternal health care indicators
