Bond strength of zirconia- or polymer-based copings cemented on implant-supported titanium bases – an in vitro study

Figures & data

Figure 1. (a) Schematic figure of specimen (b) test set up.

Figure 2. The study groups including abbreviation and subgroups with the different cements.

Table 1. The included adhesive cement systems, type and main components.

Cement	Type/Curing	Main composition
Multilink Hybrid Abutment (MHA) including SR Connect	Resin-based cement/ Auto polymerization	Components: Dimethacrylate, HEMA, fillers (barium glass, ytterbium trifluoride, spheroid mixed oxides, titanium dioxide) Components: Methylmethacrylate, polymethylmethacrylate, dimethacrylates, initiators
Panavia V 5 (PV5) including Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus	Resin-based cement/ Dual polymerization	Components: Bisphenol A- Bis-GMA, diglycidyl methacrylate triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, silanated barium glass filler, silanated fluoroaluminosilicate glass filler colloidal silica, aluminum oxide filler, hydrophobic aromatic dimethacrylate, TEGDMA, hydrophilic aliphatic dimethacrylate dl-Camphorquinone, initiators accelerators, pigments Components: Original MDP adhesive monomer, y-MPS silane monomer
RelyX Ultimate (RXU) including Scotchbond Univeral Adhesive Primer	Resin-based cement/ Dual polymerization	Components: Methacrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers radiopaque, silanated fillers radiopaque alkaline (basic) fillers, initiator components, stabilizers, rheological additives, pigments, fluorescence dye Components: MDP phosphate monomer dimethacrylate resins HEMA Vitrebond™ copolymer, filler, ethanol, water, initiators, silane

Table 2. Bond strength results of the 12 groups, by material and cement used (values in Newton and MPa).

Material	Cement	Mean ± SD (min, max) Newton (upper values) MPa (lower values)	Median (interquartile range 25%, 75%)	Groups a - l for statistical analysis	p < .05^a
	MHA	147 ± 37 (94, 193)	143 (111, 193)	a	b–i, k, l
		5.9 ± 1.5 (3.8, 7.8)	5.8 (4.5, 7.8)
TAZirconia	PV5	229 ± 26 (202, 278)	221 (206, 254)	b	a, d–k
		9.3 ± 1.1 (8.2, 11.2)	8.9 (8.3, 10.3)
	RXU	226 ± 30 (176, 268)	229 (202, 248)	c	a, d–k
		9.1 ± 1.2 (7.1, 10.8)	9.3 (8.2, 10.0)
	MHA	32 ± 28 (1, 74)	20 (7, 61)	d	a–c, j–l
		1.3 ± 1.1 (0.04, 3.0)	0.8 (0.3, 2.5)
TPMMA	PV5	27 ± 15 (2, 53)	27 (19, 39)	e	a–c, j–l
		1.1 ± 0.6 (0.08, 2.1)	1.1 (0.8, 1.6)
	RXU	38 ± 23 (15, 80)	30 (18, 57)	f	a–c, j–l
		1.5 ± 0.9 (0.6, 3.2)	1.2 (0.7, 2.3)
	MHA	48 ± 15 (28, 81)	48 (37, 54)	g	a–c, j–l
		1.9 ± 0.6 (1.1, 3.3)	1.9 (1.5, 2.2)
TAPMMA	PV5	37 ± 12 (25, 61)	34 (26, 46)	h	a–c, j–l
		1.5 ± 0.5 (1.0, 2.5)	1.4 (1.1, 1.9)
	RXU	37 ± 22 (17, 77)	28 (20, 55)	i	a–c, j–l
		1.5 ± 0.9 (0.7, 3.1)	1.1 (0.8, 2.2)
	MHA	146 ± 63 (35, 221)	155 (89, 202)	j	b–i, k, l
		5.9 ± 2.5 (1.4, 8.9)	6.3 (3.6, 8.2)
TAMFH	PV5	105 ± 37 (48, 176)	107 (77, 127)	k	a–j, l
		4.2 ± 1.5 (1.9, 7.1)	4.3 (3.1, 5.1)
	RXU	221 ± 33 (191, 299)	208 (202, 235)	l	a, d–k
		8.9 ± 1.3 (7.7, 12.1)	8.4 (8.2, 9.5)

Cement systems: MHA: Multilink Hybrid Abutment; PV5: Panavia V5; RXU: RelyX Ultimate. SD: standard deviation; min: minimum; max: maximum.

^aThe letters shown in this column indicate the groups that present mean values statistically significant different from the group presented in the row of the Table, specified under the column ‘Group’.