Healthcare waste generation, composition and management practice in Dilla university referral hospital: a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Healthcare waste management process in Dilla University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2019 Adopted from (Yazie et al., 2019)

Figure 2. Labeled healthcare waste containers before waste measurement at Dilla University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2019

Table 1. Daily healthcare waste generation by the department in Dilla University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2019

Department	Day 1 Monday	Day 2 Tuesday	Day 3 Wed	Day 4 Thursday	Day 5 Friday	Day 6 Saturday	Day 7 Sunday	Day 8 Monday	%	Total
Surgical ward	14.3	1.7	8.6	8.3	0	3.9	20	12.3	5.7	69.1
Medical ward	31.8	5	41	33.6	22.1	0	7.8	40.8	15	182.1
Gynecology ward	13	13.9	20.2	11.7	26.8	5.1	8.6	22.3	10	121.6
Obstetrics	13.2	1.2	20.2	16	14.6	9.6	13.8	8.2	8	96.8
Pediatrics	2.8	0	29.6	32.5	0	15.5	17.9	18.7	9.6	117
OR	1	0	5.3	10	17	2.3	0	7	3.5	42.6
ICU	1.6	0	1.2	0	2.8	0	0	0	0.46	5.6
NICU	7.6	10.9	10	19.5	4.9	8.4	7.6	5.8	6.2	74.6
OPD	13.1	3.3	0	9.1	4	0	5.8	0	2.9	35.3
Medical laboratory	6.3	0	1.6	28.2	60	7.7	1.2	5.1	9.1	110.1
Emergency ward	6.2	15	6	26.6	27.8	12.2	9.7	15.2	9.8	118.7
Radiology	1	0	0	5.8	0	0	0	1.7	0.7	8.5
Psychiatry ward	4.3	0	4.7	15.7	0	0	0	4	2.4	28.7
Pharmacy	3	0	40	1.9	2.9	0	0	0	3.9	47.8
Kitchen	10.8	0	2.1	1	39	0	0	20	6	72.9
Office	0	0	0	1.6	0	0	0	5	0.54	6.6
Garden	24	0	0	20	0	0	0	30.5	6.1	74.5
Total	154	51	190.5	241	246.9	64.7	92.4	196.1	100	1212.5

Table 2. Classification of healthcare waste by department in Dilla University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2019

Department	Classification of healthcare waste in kg
	Infectious waste	Pathological waste	Pharmaceutical waste	Sharp waste	General waste	Chemical waste	Total
Medical Ward	64.7	0	9.5	12.1	95.8	0	182.1
Gynaecology Ward	32.1	14.4	8.2	13.8	53.1	0	121.6
Medical Laboratory	20.1	0	6.8	11.6	11.6	60	110.1
Emergency Ward	49.5	0	9.1	16.1	44	0	118.7
Pediatrics Ward	17.8	11.3	9.4	5.3	73.2	0	117
Obstetrics Ward	33.7	20.5	8.8	1.4	32.4	0	96.8
NICU	28.1	10.6	9.1	5	21.8	0	74.6
Surgical Ward	27.3	0	6.5	0.7	34.6	0	69.1
OR	15.7	10.5	4.8	1.5	10.1	0	42.6
Psychiatry Ward	3	0	2.7	3	20	0	28.7
OPD	4.2	0	5.7	0	25.4	0	35.3
Radiology	1.2	0	1.6	0	5.7	0	8.5
ICU	2.1	0	1.7	0.7	1.1	0	5.6
Garden	0	0	0	0	74.5	0	74.5
Kitchen	0	0	0	0	72.9	0	72.9
Pharmacy	0	0	0	0	47.8	0	47.8
Office	0	0	0	0	6.6	0	6.6
Total	299.5	67.3	83.9	71.2	630.6	60	1212.5

OR = Operation Room, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, NICU = Neonatal Intensive care Unit, OPD = Out Patient Department

Table 3. Composition of healthcare waste in Dilla University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2019

Composition	Day 1	Day 2	Day 3	Day 4	Day 5	Day 6	Day 7	Day 8	Min	Max	Mean	%	Total
Plastic	33.4	21.4	75.8	72.8	42.8	25.5	37.1	54.6	21.4	75.8	45.4	30%	363.4
Bottle and glasses	12.8	2.5	12.3	9.5	4.3	1.1	10	2.1	1.1	12.8	6.82	4.5%	54.6
Paper	3.4	0	3.3	3.6	4.6	1.3	8	6.5	0	8	3.8	2.5%	30.7
Cartoon	11.7	5.2	20	24	18.1	2	5.6	19.5	2	24	13.3	8.7%	106.1
Infectious wastes	32.8	15.9	34.1	19.7	11.5	9.2	9.6	11.9	9.2	34.1	18.1	11.9%	144.7
Food	15.7	3.3	32.3	50	54.1	9	13	38.8	3.3	54.1	27.025	18.1%	219.2
Sharp/needles	8.7	1.5	5.4	19.2	12.6	6.5	1.8	15.5	1.5	19.2	8.9	5.9%	71.2
Pathological wastes	11.5	1.2	6.9	8.4	10.3	7.1	6.2	15.7	1.2	15.7	8.4	5.5%	67.3
Garden waste	24	0	0	20.5	0	0	0	30	0	30	9.3	6.1%	74.5
Chemical waste	0	0	0	0	60	0	0	0	0	60	7.5	4.9%	60
Other	0	0	0.4	10.7	3.6	3	1.1	2	0	10.7	2.6	1.7%	20.8
Total	154	51	190.5	241.4	221.9	64.7	92.4	196.6				100%	1212.5

Figure 3. Hazardous and non-hazardous fraction of health care wastes in Dilla University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2019

Figure 4. On-site healthcare waste transportation in Dilla University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2019

Figure 5. Disposal of healthcare wastes in Dilla University Referral Hospital

Yazie, T. D., Tebeje, M. G., & Chufa, K. A. (2019). Healthcare waste management current status And potential challenges in Ethiopia: A systematic review. BMC Res Notes, 12(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4316-y

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Data availability statement

The data sets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.