Figures & data
Fig. 1 Study protocol
Fig. 2 Plasma caffeine concentrations. * = Indicates significantly higher compared to DC. All values are reported as mean ± SD
Fig. 3 Blood pressure response during trials. All values are reported as mean ± SD
Fig. 4 Subjective measures of energy, alertness, and focus.* = Indicates significantly different at baseline;† = Indicates significant interaction effect with TC higher than DC at given time point;‡ = Indicates significant interaction effect with DC higher than TC;$ = Indicates significantly lower than 30+ and PRE;§ = Indicates significantly lower than PRE. Enervy values adjusted for the initial differences in BL energy. All values are reported as mean ± SD. a = Energy; b = Alertness; c = Focus
Fig. 5 Individual 5 km times
