Nano-technology for targeted drug delivery to combat antibiotic resistance

Figures & data

Table 1. Nano-carriers for antimicrobial drug delivery.

Type of nano-carrier	Composition	Encapsulated antibiotics	Target	Ref.
Liposomes	Liposome coated with chitosome	Rifampicin	Respiratory infections	[49]
	LAMB	Amphotericin B	Fungal pathogens	[50]
	PG, PC, and Chol	Streptomycin	Mycobacterium avium	[51]
	DPPC and Chol	Ciprofloxacin	Salmonella dubli	[52]
		Polymyxin B	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	[53]
	EPC, DCP, and Chol	Vancomycin or Teicoplanin	MRSA	[54]
	DPPC, Chol, and DC-Chol	Benzyl penicillin	Staphylococcus aureus	[55]
	SPC and Chol	Ampicillin	Micrococcus luteus, Salmonella typhimurium	[56]
	HSPC, Chol, and DSPG	Amikacin	Gram-negative bacteria	[57]
Solid lipid nano-particles	SA, SPC, and STC	Tobramycin	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	[58]
	SA	Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	[59]
	GPS	Econazole nitrate	Fungi	[60]
	SA, SPC, and STC	Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride	Bacteria and mycoplasma	[61]
Solid nano-particles	PLA	Linezolid	MRSA	[62]
	PCL	Amphotericin B	Leishmania donovani	[63]
	PLGA	Rifampin and Azithromycin	Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae	[64]
		Tobramycin	Respiratory infections	[65]
		Clarithromycin	Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae	[66]
	PIHCA	Ampicillin	Listeria monocytogenes	[67]
	PAA	N-methylthiolated β-lactams	MRSA	[68]
		Penicillin	MRSA	[69]
	GPAA	N-sec-butylthio β-lactam, Ciprofloxacin	Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis	[70]
Dendrimers	PAMAM	Silver salts	Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli	[71]
		Sulfamethoxazole	Escherichia coli	[72]
		Nadifloxacin and Prulifloxacin	Escherichia coli	[41]
		Azithromycin	Chlamydia trachomatis	[73]
	PLCP	Artemether	Plasmodium falciparum	[74]

Reproduced from [39] with permission of Elsevier.

Chol: Cholesterol; DC-Chol: Dimethylammonium ethane carbamoyl cholesterol; DCP: Diacetylphosphate; DSPG: Distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol; DPPC: 1,2- Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; EPC: Egg PC; GPAA: Glycosylated polyacrylate; GPS: Glycerol palmitostearate; HSPC: Hydrogenated soybean phosphatidyl choline; LAMB: Liposome amphotericin B; MRSA: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; PAA: Polyacrylate; PAMAM: Polyamidoamine; PC: Phosphatidyl choline; PCL: Poly ε-carprolactone; PG: Phosphatidyl glycerol; PIHCA: Polyisohexylcyanoacrylate; PLA: Poly lactic acid; PLCP: Pegylated lysine based copolymeric dendrimer; PLGA: Poly lactide-co-glycolide; SA: Stearic acid; SPC: Soybean phosphatidyl choline; STC: Sodium taurocholate.

Figure 1. Schematic representation of targeted drug delivery by using filamentous phage to kill pathogenic bacteria colonized in host. Receptor and antibody specificity can be exploited for targeted delivery. Genetically engineered filamentous phage loaded with drug molecules inside its protein coat and displaying antibody on its tip can burst to release drug molecules when it binds with its complementary receptors. The released drug molecules attack pathogenic bacteria and kill it specifically. Here ‘A' stands for antibody; ‘B' for bacteria; ‘P' for protein coat; ‘D' for drug/antibiotic; ‘L' for chemical linker and ‘R' for receptor.

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