Searching for a written patient feedback instrument for patient–medical student consultations

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic description of our methodology.

Abbreviation: PTA, Patient Teaching Associate.

Table 1 MeSH and text words used for literature searches

Search	MeSH and text words
Stage 1 search to identify relevant characteristics of a patient feedback tool	“patient-centered care” “patient-centeredness” “patient-centered education” “patients as educators” “medical students”
Stage 2 search to identify feedback tools currently in use	“patient feedback” “medical students”

Abbreviation: MeSH, medical subject headings.

Table 2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria for feedback instruments

Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Must be completed by patients	Designed for completion by peers or observers
Must assess practicing doctors or medical students	Focused on organizational items (such as practice setting and administration)
Must provide individual performance feedback	Not used for individual feedback
Must assess key interpersonal skills	Did not assess interpersonal skills

Table 3 Additional criteria for applicability to the PTA program

Additional criteria for applicability to the PTA program
1. Easy/quick to complete (estimated at <5 minutes, without staff assistance)
2. Enables feedback on key features of patient-centeredness
3. Assesses integrated consultation fluency of medical student
4. Is externally validated

Abbreviation: PTA, Patient Teaching Associate.

Table 4 Description of patient feedback instruments, surrounding data and relevance to the PTA program

Instrument	Scale and no. of items	Measurement	Data	Applicability to PTA*
Chronically Ill Patients Evaluate General Practice (CEP)^Citation5	6-point Likert scale, 51 items	Patient satisfaction with 10 dimensions of care: appointments/emergency availability, premises, continuity, cooperation, medical care, competence/accuracy, relation and communication, privacy, information and advice, support	No data on construct validity, factor analysis, reliable indices	1. No 2. Yes 3. Has not been tested 4. No
Consultation Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ)^Citation6	5-point Likert scale, 18 items	Quantitative assessment of patient satisfaction. Four domains: general satisfaction, professional care, depth of relationship and perceived time	No correlation found between performance in video assessment of MRCGP exam	1. Yes 2. Yes 3. Has not been tested 4. No
Doctors’ Interpersonal Skills Questionnaire (DISQ)^Citation7	5-point Likert scale, 12 items	Skills such as greeting, listening, explanations, abilities to elicit concerns or fears and respect shown to the patient	Reliable and valid instrument in assessing interpersonal skills. Positive feedback effect shown	1. Yes 2. Yes 3. Has not been tested 4. Yes
General Practice Assessment Questionnaire (GPAQ)^Citation8	6-point Likert scale, 36 items	Five key areas:1) access, 2) technical competence, 3) effective GP communication, 4) GP interpersonal abilities, and 5) effective organization of care	Construct validity not specified directly	1. Yes 2. Yes 3. Has not been tested 4. No
Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale (MISS-21)^Citation4	7-point Likert scale, 21 items	Looks at satisfaction with individual consultations including 4 subscales: communication and comfort, distress relief, compliance intent and rapport	Valid and reliable instrument for assessment of patient satisfaction	1. No 2. Yes 3. Has not been tested 4. Yes
Medical Student Interviewing Performance Questionnaire (MSIPQ)^Citation9	5-point Likert scale, 14 items	Two subscales: • Rapport • Treatment feedback In addition, several items assessed overall perception of student’s interviewing performance	Data suggest that teaching in patient care and psychiatry is highly compatible	1. Yes 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. Needs further testing
Patients Evaluate General/Family Practice (EUROPEP)^Citation10	5-point Likert scale, 23 items	Five dimensions of care – relation and communication, medical care, information and support, continuity and cooperation and facilities availability and accessibility	No data on construct validity or factor analysis	1. No 2. Yes 3. No 4. No
Unnamed instrument described in “Patient feedback for medical students”^Citation11	6-point Likert scale, 11 items	Modeled off the core domains of: • The General Medical Council’s Good Medical Practice^Citation12 • Medical students’ professional behavior and fitness to practice^Citation13 • Tomorrow’s Doctors^Citation14	Large numbers of patients are needed to provide reliability	1. Yes 2. Yes 3. No 4. No

Notes:

* Key to applicability to PTA: 1, easy/quick to complete (estimated at <5 minutes, without staff assistance); 2, enables feedback on key features of patient-centeredness; 3, assesses integrated consultation fluency of medical student (see glossary); 4, is externally validated.

Abbreviations: PTA, Patient Teaching Associate; GP, general practitioner; MRCGP, Membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners.

WensingMGrolRVan WeelCQuality assessment using patients’ evaluations of careEur J Gen Pract19984150153

 Google Scholar

BakerRDevelopment of a questionnaire to assess patients’ satisfaction with consultations in general practiceBr J Gen Pract1990403414874902282225

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

GrecoMBrownleaAMcGovernJCavanaghMConsumers as educators: implementation of patient feedback in general practice trainingHealth Commun20001227393

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

RamsayJCampbellJSchroterSGreenJRolandMThe General Practice Assessment Survey (GPAS): tests of data quality and measurement propertiesFam Pract200017537237911021894

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

MeakinRWeinmanJThe ‘Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale’ (MISS-21) adapted for British general practiceFam Pract200219325726311978716

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

BlackAEChurchMAssessing medical student effectiveness from the psychiatric patient’s perspective: the medical student interviewing performance questionnaireMed Educ199832547247810211287

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

GrolRWensingMOlesemFPatients Evaluate General/Family Practice: the EUROPEP InstrumentNijmegenWorld Organisation of Family Doctors (WONCA)/European Association for Quality in Family Practice2000

 Google Scholar

LyonsOWillcockHReesJArcherJPatient feedback for medical studentsClin Teach200964254258

 Google Scholar

General Medical Council (UK)Good Medical PracticeLondonGeneral Medical Council2006

 Google Scholar

General Medical Council (UK)Medical Students: Professional Values and Fitness to PracticeLondonGeneral Medical Council2007

 Google Scholar

General Medical Council (UK)Tomorrow’s DoctorsLondonGeneral Medical Council2003

 Google Scholar