Changing trends in residents-as-teachers across graduate medical education

Figures & data

Table 1 Residency program and program director characteristics and RaT prevalence

Characteristics	Frequency	Percentage	Has RaT	Percentage
Type of program
University-based	97	43.89	87	89.69
Community-based, university-affiliated	93	42.08	70	75.27
Community-based, non-affiliated	26	11.76	17	65.38
Military	4	1.81	3	75
Other	1	0.45	1	100
Specialty
Emergency medicine	26	11.76	23	88.46
Family medicine	59	26.7	48	81.36
Internal medicine	45	20.36	37	82.22
Obstetrics/gynecology	22	9.95	18	81.82
Psychiatry	14	6.33	12	85.71
Surgery	21	9.5	9	42.86
Pediatrics	34	15.38	31	91.18
Community size
<30,000	3	1.36	3	100
30,000–74,999	16	7.24	14	87.5
75,000–149,999	32	14.48	22	68.75
150,000–499,999	53	23.98	45	84.91
500,000–1 million	39	17.65	33	84.62
>1 million	78	35.29	61	78.21
Proportion of non-US graduates
0–24%	129	58.37	106	82.17
25–49%	21	9.5	19	90.48
50–74%	21	9.5	16	76.19
75–100%	48	21.72	36	75
Do not know	1	0.45	0	0
No answer	1	0.45	1	100
Gender
Male	132	59.73	99	75
Female	87	39.37	78	89.66
No answer	2	0.9	1	50
Region (USA)
Midwest	61	27.6	49	80.33
Northeast	58	26.24	46	79.31
South	58	26.24	50	86.21
West	33	14.93	23	69.7
No answer	11	4.98	10	90.91
	Mean	SD
Years since program started	43.91	21.53
Years as a program director	6.8	5.7

Abbreviations: RaT, resident-as-teacher; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 1 Prevalence of RaT instruction by specialty.

Abbreviation: RaT, resident-as-teacher.

Table 2 Residency program and program director characteristics and their association with RaT.

Program characteristics	Odds ratio	p-Value	(95% CI)
Years as a program director	1.04	0.36	(0.96–1.12%)
Southern region	1.78	0.29	(0.61–5.16%)
Emergency Medicine	0.27	0.3	(0.02–3.16%)
Family Medicine	0.27	0.25	(0.03–2.52%)
Internal Medicine	0.36	0.39	(0.03–3.75%)
Obstetrics/Gynecology	0.12	0.1	(0.01–1.50%)
Psychiatry	0.25	0.33	(0.02–4.1%)
Surgery*	0.02*	0.00	(0.00–0.23%)
Proportion of non-US graduates 0–24%	2.70	0.17	(0.65–11.20%)
Proportion of non-US graduates 25–49%	7.60	0.06	(0.94–61.23)
Proportion of non-US graduates 75–100%	2.49	0.27	(0.50–12.46%)
Community-based, university-affiliated*	0.30*	0.03	(0.10–0.88%)
Community-based, non-affiliated*	0.13*	0.00	(0.03–0.52%)
Male	0.58	0.3	(0.21–1.62%)
Community size 75,000–149,999*	0.32*	0.03	0.11

Note:

* p-value<0.05.

Abbreviations: RaT, resident-as-teacher; CI confidence interval.

Figure 2 Formats of RaT instruction in 2001 and in 2006.

Abbreviation: RaT, resident-as-teacher.

Figure 3 Targeted skills and content areas.