Internal Medicine Residents’ Perceptions of the Learning Environment of a Residency Training Program in Ethiopia: a Mixed Methods Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Summary of Responses on Perceptions of Role Autonomy Subscale

Item	Mean (SD)
I have an employment contract that provides information about hours of work	1.35 (1.18)
I had an informative induction program	2.52 (0.99)
I have the appropriate level of responsibility in this post	2.4 (0.94)
I have to perform inappropriate tasks*	1.83 (1.33)
There is an informative Junior Doctors Handbook	0.94 (0.96)
I am bleeped (called) inappropriately*	2.22 (0.99)
There are clear clinical protocols in this post	1.07 (0.89)
My work hours are in accordance to the national limits of working hours per day and week for physicians	1.36 (1.08)
I have the opportunity to provide continuity of care	2.17 (1.13)
I feel part of a team working here	2.48 (1.07)
I have opportunities to acquire the appropriate practical procedures for my residency	2.24 (1.19)
My workload in this job is fine	1.15 (1.09)
The training in this post makes me feel ready to be a consultant	1.12 (1.09)
My clinical teachers promote an atmosphere of mutual respect	2.31 (1.13)

Note: *Negative statements that were scored in reverse order.Abbreviation:SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Summary of Perceptions of Teaching Subscale

Item	Mean (SD)
My clinical teachers set clear expectation	1.87 (1.11)
I have protected educational time in this post	1.35 (0.97)
I have good clinical supervision at all times	1.23 (1)
My clinical teachers have good communication skills	2.33 (1.07)
I am able to participate actively in educational events	2.41 (1.02)
My clinical teachers are enthusiastic	1.93 (0.98)
There is access to an educational program relevant to my needs	2.03 (1.09)
I get regular feedback from seniors	1.07 (1.05)
My clinical teachers are well organized	1.75 (1.1)
I have enough clinical learning opportunities for my needs	1.92 (1.13)
My clinical teachers have good teaching skills	2.47 (0.91)
My clinical teachers are accessible	1.67 (1.02)
Senior staff utilize learning opportunities effectively	1.71 (0.92)
My clinical teachers encourage me to be an independent learner	2.08 (0.96)
The clinical teachers provide me with good feedback on my strengths and weaknesses	1.33 (0.92)

Abbreviation:SD, standard deviation.

Table 3 Summary of Perceptions of Social Support Subscale

Item	Mean (SD)
There is racism in this post*	3.24 (0.78)
There is sex discrimination in this post*	3.18 (0.85)
I have good collaboration with other doctors in my residency	3.06 (0.79)
I have suitable access to careers advice	1.82 (1.1)
This hospital has good quality accommodation for junior doctors, especially when on call	1.5 (1.12)
I feel physically safe within the hospital environment	2.44 (1.09)
There is a no-blame culture in this post	2.22 (1.14)
There are adequate catering facilities when I am on call	0.55 (0.77)
My clinical teachers have good mentoring skills	1.97 (0.99)
I get a lot of enjoyment out of my present job	1.7 (1.11)
There are good counselling opportunities for junior doctors who fail to complete their training satisfactorily	1.04 (0.8)

Note: *Negative statements that were scored in reverse order. Abbreviation:SD, standard deviation.

Table 4 Factors Associated with Perception

	Overall	P value	Autonomy	P value	Teaching	P value	Social Support	P value
Gender		0.068		0.025*		0.174		0.369
Male	72.62 (17.85)		26.94 (6.92)		27.68 (9.01)		18.15 (4.67)
Female	64.2 (18.7)		22.65 (5.87)		24.65 (11.26)		16.9 (5.06)
Year of residency		0.008*		0.003*		0.008*		0.167
First year	77.93 (20.04)		28.68 (6.85)		30.09 (10.84)		19.16 (4.73)
Second year	66.97 (19.14)		23.59 (7.13)		26.41 (9.04)		16.97 (6.02)
Third year	63.13 (16.1)		23.83 (5.9)		22.58 (8.69)		16.71 (4.17)

Note: *P-value <0.05.