Analysis of Mono-ADP-Ribosylation Levels in Human Colorectal Cancer

Figures & data

Figure 1 The process of mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation). ADP-ribosylation is reversible; it is catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) and removed by ADP-ribosylglycohydrolases.

Table 1 Different Degrees of Mono-ADP-Ribose Binding Reagent Staining in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and Normal Colorectal Tissue

	N	Low	High	P
Colorectal adenocarcinoma	64	1	63	<0.001*
Normal colorectal tissue	32	25	7

Note: *Signifies P<0.05.

Abbreviations: N, number; Low, low-level group; High, high-level group.

Table 2 Mono-ADP-Ribose Binding Reagent in the Nucleus of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and Normal Colorectal Tissue

	Nucleus
	N	Low	High	P
Colorectal adenocarcinoma	64	9	55	<0.001*
Normal colorectal tissue	32	25	7

Note: *Signifies P<0.05.

Abbreviations: N, number; Low, low-level group; High, high-level group.

Table 3 Mono-ADP-Ribose Binding Reagent in the Cytoplasm of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and Normal Colorectal Tissue

	Cytoplasm
	N	Low	High	P
Colorectal adenocarcinoma	64	7	57	<0.001*
Normal colorectal tissue	32	32	0

Note: *Signifies P<0.05.

Abbreviations: N, number; Low, low-level group; High, high-level group.

Figure 2 Staining of mono-ADP-ribose binding reagent in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue samples. (A) Strongly positive staining (×400). (B) Slight positive staining (×400). Scale bar=50μm.

Figure 3 The level of mono-ADP-ribose binding reagent in colorectal adenocarcinoma and normal colorectal tissues. Positive staining of mono-ADP-ribose binding reagent in colorectal adenocarcinoma (A–C) (×4), (D–F) (×400). Positive staining of mono-ADP-ribose binding reagent in normal colorectal tissue (G–I) (×400). Scale bar=50μm.

Table 4 Comparison of Clinicopathological Characteristics in 64 Cases with Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Clinicopathological Features	No. of Patients (n=64)	Positivity Rate (%)	P (Cytoplasm)	P (Nucleus)
Age			0.257	0.857
<60	28	43.75%
≥60	36	56.25%
Sex			0.439	0.713
Males	40	62.50%
Females	24	37.50%
Location			0.662	0.261
Left colon	11	17.74%
Right colon	17	27.42%
Rectum	34	54.84%
Lymph node metastasis			0.272	0.194
No	35	54.69%
Yes	29	45.31%
Invasive depth			<0.001*	0.847
Submucosa	2	3.13%
Muscularis	7	10.94%
Serosa and adventitia	55	85.94%
Differentiation grade			0.227	0.238
Low grade	26	40.63%
High grade	38	59.37%
TNM stage			0.472	0.321
I	7	10.94%
II	26	40.63%
III	22	34.38%
IV	9	14.06%
Histological classification			0.667	0.001*
Adenocarcinoma	54	84.38%
Mucinous adenocarcinoma	10	15.63%

Note: *Signifies P<0.05.

Table 5 The Difference Analysis of Invasive Depth and the Level of Mono-ADP-Ribose Binding Reagent in Cytoplasm

Invasive Depth	N	Low	High	P
Submucosa	2	1	1	0.049*
Muscularis	7	2	5
Serosa and adventitia	55	4	51

Note: *Signifies P<0.05.

Abbreviations: N, number; Low, low-level group; High, high-level group.

Table 6 The Difference Analysis of Histological Classification and the Level of Mono-ADP-Ribose Binding Reagent in Nucleus

Histological Classification	N	Low	High	P
Adenocarcinoma	54	4	50	0.781
Mucinous adenocarcinoma	10	1	9

Abbreviations: N, number; Low, low-level group; High, high-level group.

Figure 4 Schematic diagram of how MARylation is predicted to be involved in the regulation of colorectal cancer. The possible mechanisms of MARylation in colorectal cancer are described with regard to endoplasmic reticulum stress, DNA damage repair, EMT, β-catenin activity and the NF-κB signaling pathway.