Highly absorptive curcumin reduces serum atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein levels in patients with mild COPD

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants in each group

Parameters	n	Placebo	n	Theracurmin^®	P-value
Sex (M/F)	17	15/2	22	19/3	>0.999
Age, years	17	69.9±6.3	22	69.6±6.6	0.868
BMI, kg/m^2	17	24.4±4.3	22	22.1±2.6	0.046
SBP, mmHg	17	127.7±19.0	22	127.6±16.9	0.990
DBP, mmHg	17	70.5±11.7	22	70.7±11.6	0.955
HbA1c, %	17	5.3±0.5	22	5.4±0.4	0.859
BS, mg/dL	16	98.6±15.9	21	102.8±23.1	0.544
TG, mg/dL	17	160.1±86.8	22	146.3±70.2	0.585
LDL-C, mg/dL	17	104.5±21.6	22	106.8±27.6	0.784
HDL-C, mg/dL	17	60.1±9.6	22	62.1±17.2	0.658
UA, mg/dL	16	6.2±1.3	22	6.6±1.2	0.326
γ-GTP, IU/L	17	39.8±31.2	22	52.3±52.7	0.392
Cre, mg/dL	16	1.0±0.3	22	0.9±0.3	0.512
CRP, mg/dL	16	0.2±0.2	22	0.3±0.8	0.759
SAA-LDL, μg/mL	16	8.9±7.8	21	14.0±36.5	0.587
AT-LDL, μg/mL	16	1.2±0.2	21	1.4±0.3	0.037
FEV1%	17	64.7±7.8	22	61.9±8.3	0.305

Note: Data are presented as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or number of patients.

Abbreviations: M/F, male/female; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; BS, blood sugar; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; UA, uric acid; γ-GTP, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; Cre, creatinine; CRP, C-reactive protein; SAA-LDL, serum amyloid A-LDL; AT-LDL, α1-antitrypsin-LDL; FEV₁%, percent forced expiratory volume in 1 second; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Percent changes in parameters in each group

Parameters	n	Placebo	n	Theracurmin^®	P-value
ΔBMI	17	−0.7±1.6	22	0.9±2.1	0.019
ΔSBP	17	1.4±17.6	22	−1.3±15.9	0.618
ΔDBP	17	2.9±13.4	22	3.5±19.2	0.904
ΔHbA1c	17	0.0±2.6	22	0.4±3.0	0.631
ΔBS	16	14.5±37.5	21	5.8±25.7	0.407
ΔTG	17	14.5±55.3	22	9.2±44.0	0.743
ΔLDL-C	17	11.4±26.8	22	4.6±21.0	0.383
ΔHDL-C	17	2.0±16.3	22	−2.8±13.0	0.317
ΔUA	16	2.3±18.6	22	2.4±9.2	0.970
Δγ-GTP	17	−1.2±21.3	22	−5.7±36.5	0.654
ΔCre	16	1.4±8.2	22	2.9±10.0	0.611
ΔCRP	16	11.1±98.3	22	−12.5±51.9	0.344
ΔSAA-LDL	15	10.8±47.4	21	−2.0±41.9	0.400
ΔAT-LDL	15	14.8±23.8	21	−1.6±16.7	0.020
ΔFEV1%	16	−3.6±6.0	21	−1.9±6.1	0.411

Notes: Data presented as mean ± standard deviation unless stated otherwise. The percent change expresses the difference of baseline and after 6 months as a percentage of baseline. The percent change = ([after 6 months value − baseline value)/baseline value) ×100.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; BS, blood sugar; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; UA, uric acid; γ-GTP, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; Cre, creatinine; CRP, C-reactive protein; SAA-LDL, serum amyloid A-LDL; AT-LDL, α1-antitrypsin-LDL; FEV₁%, percent forced expiratory volume in 1 second.