Efficacy of a self-management plan in exacerbations for patients with advanced COPD

Figures & data

Figure 1 Patients included for the study.

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients aleatorized and analyzed at the start of the study

Characteristics of the patients	Aleatorization			Analyzed
	Control	Intervention	P-value	Control	Intervention	P-value
	N: 45	N: 51		N: 38	N: 47
Male/female	40 (88.9%)/5 (11.1%)	47 (92.2%)/4 (7.8%)	0.730	34 (89.5%)/4 (10.5%)	44 (93.6%)/3 (6.4%)	0.695
Age	67.1±6.8	68.2±7.2	0.437	67.7±6.9	68.5±7.3	0.618
Body mass index	26.4±8.9	25.6±10.1	0.698	25.6±9.7	25.7±10.5	0.674
Social risk scale	5.1±3.1	5.1±2.8	0.950	5.3±3.2	5.1±2.9	0.864
Comorbidity index	1 (1.2)	1 (1.2)	0.552	1 (1.2)	1 (1.2)	0.849
Active smoker	16 (35.6%)	19 (37.3%)	0.562	14 (36.8%)	19 (40.4%)	0.520
Pack-years index	52.5±26.2	56.9±44.3	0.565	53.1±28.3	57.7±46.1	0.586
Quality of life (CAT)	14.1±6.4	17.8±6.4	0.334	14.6±6.8	12.9±6.7	0.286
Dyspnea (mMRC)	2 (2.3)	2 (1.3)	0.348	2 (2.3)	2 (1.3)	0.261
FEV1 (%)	44.3±11.9	47.3±14.4	0.270	45.2±12.7	47.2±14.7	0.519
Severe COPD	11 (24.4%)	14 (27.4%)	0.918	9 (20%)	14 (27.4%)	0.700
Very severe COPD	30 (66.7%)	34 (66.7%)	0.829	25 (65.8%)	30 (63.8%)	0.968
Hospitalization due to COPD	33 (73.3%)	35 (68.6%)	0.613	29 (76.3%)	31 (66%)	0.297
No hospitalization	1 (1.2)	1 (0.1)	0.712	1 (1.2)	1 (0.1)	0.261
Emergency visits due to COPD	29 (64.4%)	50 (58.8%)	0.572	22 (57.9%)	27 (57.4%)	0.967
No emergency room visits	1 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	0.308	1 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	0.435

Note: Values given as number (%), mean ± SD or median (quartiles 1 and 3).

Abbreviations: CAT, COPD Assessment Test; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; N, number; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Outcome variables at the end of the study

Outcome variables	Control N=38	Intervention N=47	P-value
Secondary outcome variables
No of patients with COPD exacerbations with hospitalization or ER visit	20 (52.6%)	19 (40.4%)	0.262
No of patients with COPD exacerbations ER visit	14 (36.8%)	9 (19.1%)	0.068
No of patients with COPD exacerbations hospitalization	16 (42.1%)	12 (25.5%)	0.106
No of patients who needed antibiotics	18 (47.4%)	27 (56.3%)	0.306
No of patients who needed glucocorticoids	17 (44.7%)	18 (37.5%)	0.413
Days of hospital stay due to respiratory cause, mean ± SD	12.4±7.1	9.3±6.4	0.154
All-cause mortality	2 (5.26%)	0	0.191
Primary outcome variables
No COPD exacerbations with hospitalization or A&E visit	52	42
Days at risk	3,801	4,700
Rate of exacerbations with hospitalization or A&E visit, n (range)	1.37 (1.02–1.79)	0.89 (0.64–1.21)	0.049
Rate ratio, n (range)	1.53 (1.01–2.29)

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Figure 2 Kaplan–Meier curve.

Notes: Probability of being treated for the first time in hospital during the 12 months of follow-up. (P=0.097).