Illness perceptions and coping determine quality of life in COPD patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical characteristics

Characteristics	COPD (n=100)
Sex (male/female)	58/41 (n=1 unknown)
Age (years)	69.68±9.74
Educational level	Low: 36 (36%)
	Medium: 39 (39%)
	High: 23 (23%)
	Unknown: 2 (2%)
COPD diagnosis	1–3 years ago: 20 (20%)
	More than 3 years ago: 75 (75%)
	Unsure: 5 (5%)
Self-reported COPD severitya	39.27±26.3
COPD medication	Tiotropium: 97 (97%)
	Salmeterol: 42 (42%)
	Fluticasone: 20 (20%)
	Formoterol: 19 (19%)
	Budesonide: 9 (9%)
	Ciclesonide: 8 (8%)
	Ipratropium: 6 (6%)
	Indacaterol: 5 (5%)
	Theophylline: 1 (1%)
	Beclomethasone: 1 (1%)
Number of COPD medicines	2.08±0.92
Quality of lifeb	69.72±25.17
UPCC total scorec	2.97±0.45

Notes: Data are mean ± SD or number and (%);

a On a 0 (not severe) to 100 (severe) scale;

b On a 0 (bad) to 100 (good) scale;

c On a 1–4 scale (higher is better).

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; UPCC, Utrecht Proactive Coping Competence scale.

Table 2 Associations between illness perceptions, coping, and Qol

Scale	UPCC	QoL
B-IPQ
Consequences		−0.348*** (−0.513 to −0.157)
Timeline		−0.264** (−0.442 to −0.066)
Personal control		0.219* (0.016 to 0.404)
Treatment control		0.223* (0.023 to 0.405)
Identity		−0.502*** (−0.638 to −0.335)
Concern		−0.341*** (−0.508 to −0.148)
Coherence	0.212* (0.013 to 0.395)
Emotional response	−0.240* (−0.420 to −0.041)	−0.540*** (−0.668 to −0.379)
UPCC
Total score		0.317** (0.125 to 0.485)

Notes: Correlation coefficients are displayed (Pearson’s R for normally distributed data, and Spearman’s Rho for non-normally distributed data);

* P≤0.05,

** P≤0.01,

*** P≤0.001. The 95% confidence intervals are given in the brackets.

Abbreviations: B-IPQ, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire; Qol, quality of life; UPCC, Utrecht Proactive Coping Competence scale.

Table 3 Comparison of B-IPQ scores between patients with COPD and other patient groups

B-IPQ	COPD (n=100)	Cold^Citation12 (n=49)	Asthma^Citation12 (n=309)	T2 diabetes^Citation12 (n=119)
Consequences	5.03±2.5	3.8±2.2**	3.5±2.3**	4.7±2.9
Timeline	9.42±1.5	5.4±3.1**	8.8±2.2*	9.2±1.9
Personal control	6.17±2.3	4.7±2.5**	6.7±2.4	6.7±2.3
Treatment control	6.95±2.2	5.5±2.9**	7.9±2.0**	8.0±2.3**
Identity	5.52±2.4	4.5±2.4*	4.5±2.3**	4.6±2.8*
Concern	5.03±3.0	2.5±2.5**	4.6±2.8	7.0±3.1**
Coherence	7.54±2.3	6.4±2.7**	6.5±2.6**	7.9±2.3
Emotional response	4.43±2.9	3.8±2.9	3.3±2.9**	4.3±3.3

Notes: Data are mean ± SD,

* P<0.01,

** P<0.001 compared with patients with COPD. Bolded scores are scores of patients with COPD in the present study.

Abbreviations: B-IPQ, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BroadbentEPetrieKJMainJWeinmanJThe brief illness perception questionnaireJ Psychosom Res200660663163716731240

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