Alteration of spontaneous brain activity in COPD patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of patients with COPD and healthy controls

Variables	COPD patients	Controls	P-value
Number of subjects (male:female)	25 (21:4)	25 (21:4)
Age (years) (mean ± SD)	69.2±8.1 (58–84)	68.0±8.0 (57–86)	0.59
Education (years) (mean ± SD)	6.7±3.9	7.5±5.0	0.53
Family history of COPD (%)	4	0
Disease duration (years)	7.0±5.7	0
Smokers (%)	44	40	0.86

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Regional information of changed ALFF in patients with COPD

Areas	Volume (mm^3)	Brodmann areas	MNI coordinate			P-value (peak)
			x	y	z
No controlling for SaO2
Bilateral posterior cingulate cortex	1,755	23	−3	−39	24	−4.04
Right lingual gyrus	2,214	18	18	−78	−12	−4.34
Left postcentral gyrus	1,161	3/40	−33	−39	63	4.28
Controlling for SaO2
Left postcentral gyrus	1,539	3/40	−45	−30	54	4.18

Abbreviations: ALFF, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Figure 1 Changes of ALFF in patients with COPD compared with controls.

Notes: (A) Uncontrolling for SaO₂, (B) controlling for SaO₂. P<0.05 (corrected). Red to yellow indicates an increase, blue indicates a decrease.
Abbreviations: ALFF, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; L, left; R, right.

Figure 2 Regional ALFF in the brain of patients with COPD compared with controls by ROI analysis.

Notes: *P<0.05; ***P<0.001. Error bars represent standard deviation.
Abbreviations: ALFF, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; ROI, region of interest.

Figure 3 Correlation of regional ALFF with cognitive ability in patients with COPD and controls.

Abbreviations: ALFF, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex.