Prevalence of comorbidities according to predominant phenotype and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Figures & data

Table 1 Anthropometric and functional data in patients with COPD according to phenotypes and severity of the disease

	COPD (n=412)	Predominant airway disease (n=222)	Predominant emphysema (n=190)	P-value	Mild COPD (n=284)	Severe COPD (n=128)	P-value
Males/females	299/113	174/48	125/65		195/89	104/24
Age	70±9	71±8	69±9	≤0.05	70±9	69±8	ns
p/y	46±27	45±29	48±25	ns	45±28	50±24	ns
BMI	26±5	28±5	25±4	≤0.0001	27±5	25±4	≤0.0001
FEV1(%)	69±25	76±23	61±26	≤0.0001	79±22	48±19	≤0.0001
FEV1/VC (%)	52±14	57±11	46±14	≤0.0001	58±11	39±12	≤0.0001
FRC (%)	120±31	110±25	132±32	≤0.0001	107±21	150±29	≤0.0001
TLC (%)	105±17	100±16	110±16	≤0.0001	100±15	116±15	≤0.0001
DLCO (%)	76±23	89±16	61±16	≤0.0001	81±21	66±22	≤0.0001

Note: Data are presented as mean ± SD.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (weight/height²); COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DL_CO%, diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide (% of predicted); FEV₁%, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (% of predicted); FEV₁/VC%, FEV₁–vital capacity ratio; FRC%, functional residual capacity (% of predicted); ns, nonsignificant; p/y, number of daily cigarettes × number of years/20; SD, standard deviation; TLC%, total lung capacity (% of predicted).

Table 2 Number of comorbidities in patients with COPD according to phenotypes and severity of the disease

Number of comorbidities*	Predominant airway disease (n=222)	Predominant emphysema (n=190)	χ^2 P-value	Mild disease (n=284)	Severe disease (n=128)	χ^2 P-value
0	29 (13%)	36 (19%)		39 (13%)	26 (20%)
1	72 (32.4%)	67 (35.3%)		96 (34%)	43 (34%)
2	74 (33.3%)	52 (27.4%)		88 (31%)	38 (29.7%)
3	32 (14.4%)	22 (11.6%)		40 (14%)	14 (11%)
4	11 (5%)	9 (4.7%)		16 (6%)	4 (3%)
5	2 (1%)	3 (1.6%)		2 (0.7%)	3 (2.3%)
6	2 (1%)	1 (0.5%)		3 (1%)	0
0–2	175	155	0.53	223	107	0.28
3–6	47	35	ns	61	21	ns

Notes:

* No patient has more than six comorbidities. The Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the prevalence of comorbidities in the different subsets of patients. Significance was set at P<0.05.

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ns, nonsignificant.

Figure 1 Prevalence of comorbidities in 412 outpatients with COPD.

Abbreviations: ADS, anxious depressive syndrome; com, comorbidities; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; D, diabetes; HF, heart failure; IAH, idiopathic arterial hypertension; IHD, ischemic heart disease; O, osteoporosis; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.

Figure 2 Prevalence of comorbidities in 222 patients with the predominant airway disease (A) phenotype and in 190 patients with the predominant emphysema phenotype (B).

Abbreviations: ADS, anxious depressive syndrome; com, comorbidities; D, diabetes; HF, heart failure; IAH, idiopathic arterial hypertension; IHD, ischemic heart disease; O, osteoporosis; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.

Figure 3 Comparisons of the prevalence of each examined comorbidity in 222 patients with a predominant airway disease phenotype and in 190 patients with a predominant emphysema phenotype.

Note: *P<0.05.

Abbreviations: ADS, anxious depressive syndrome; com, comorbidities; D, diabetes; HF, heart failure; IAH, idiopathic arterial hypertension; IHD, ischemic heart disease; O, osteoporosis; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.

Figure 4 Prevalence of comorbidities in 412 outpatients according to mild or severe grade of COPD.

Notes: *P<0.05; ***P<0.0001.

Abbreviations: ADS, anxious depressive syndrome; com, comorbidities; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; D, diabetes; HF, heart failure; IAH, idiopathic arterial hypertension; IHD, ischemic heart disease; O, osteoporosis; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.

Figure 5 Prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in 412 outpatients according to mild or severe grade of COPD and according to the predominant phenotype. Notes: *P<0.05; ***P<0.0001.

Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

CamiciottoliGBigazziFPaolettiMCestelliLLavoriniFPistolesiMPulmonary function and sputum characteristics predict computed tomography phenotype and severity of COPDEur Respir J201342362663523258785

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