Correlates of disease-specific knowledge in Chinese patients with COPD

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 100 subjects

Characteristics	Total (N=100)	Received COPD education		P-value
		Yes (N=40)	No (N=60)
Sociodemographic
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	72.29±6.75	72.78±5.61	71.97±7.45	0.560
Male (%)	91	36	55	0.775
Education (%)				0.318
No formal school	21	7	14
Primary	61	25	36
Secondary	15	8	7
Postsecondary	3	0	3
Smoking status (%)				0.010
Nonsmoker	3	1	2
Ex-smoker	81	38	43
Current smoker	16	1	15
Drinking (%)				0.059
Nondrinker	57	27	30
Ex-drinker	37	13	24
Current drinker	6	0	6
Retired from working (%)	92	37	55	0.880
Recruited from Medical SOPC (%)	20	0	20	<0.001
Clinical characteristics
FEV1 (liters, mean ± SD)	0.92±0.43	0.68±0.36	1.07±0.40	<0.001
FEV1 (% predicted, mean ± SD)	41.80±18.86	32.03±16.18	48.32±17.61	<0.001
FEV1/FVC (mean ± SD)	0.44±0.12	0.39±0.11	0.48±0.12	<0.001
GOLD severity staging (%)				<0.001
Stage I, mild	2	0	2
Stage II, moderate	27	1	26
Stage III, severe	38	14	24
Stage IV, very severe	33	25	8
Past history (%)
HT	40	15	25	0.677
DM	13	2	11	0.052
BPH	24	9	15	0.774
TB	13	5	8	0.903
Stroke	2	1	1	0.771

Abbreviations: yr, years; SD, standard deviation; SOPC, specialist outpatient clinic; FEV, forced expiratory volume; FVC, forced vital capacity; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; HT, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia; TB, tuberculosis.

Figure 1 Flowchart on the subject recruitment, exclusion and enrollment.

Table 2 Percentage of subjects giving a correct response for all 65 items and 13 topics

Q	Topic	a	b	c	d	e	Total
1	Epidemiology	42	74	84	69	55	64.8
		F	T	T	F	T
2	Etiology	88	86	73	18	69	66.8
		T	T	T	F	F
3	Symptoms	48	73	84	50	39	58.8
		F	T	T	F	F
4	Breathlessness	6	63	86	89	93	67.4
		F	T	F	T	T
5	Phlegm	86	84	65	84	72	78.2
		T	T	T	F	T
6	Infections	39	85	67	31	65	57.4
		F	T	T	F	F
7	Exercise	100	45	83	84	3	63.0
		T	F	T	T	F
8	Smoking	98	95	41	94	70	79.6
		T	T	F	F	F
9	Vaccination	93	33	59	60	42	57.4
		T	F	F	F	T
10	Inhaled bronchodilators	91	60	59	74	68	70.4
		F	T	F	T	T
11	Antibiotics	55	67	43	52	86	60.6
		F	T	F	F	T
12	Oral steroids	33	35	59	34	28	37.8
		F	F	T	T	T
13	Inhaled steroids	43	72	57	51	71	58.8
		F	F	T	F	F
Overall							63.2

Notes: F = “false” as correct response; T = “true” as correct response.

Table 3 Knowledge scores representing the total number of correct responses for all 13 topics and overall

Q	Topic	Mean	SD	Median	Range (Min–Max)
1	Epidemiology	3.24	1.16	3.00	0.00–5.00
2	Etiology	3.34	1.05	3.00	0.00–5.00
3	Symptoms	2.94	1.43	3.00	0.00–5.00
4	Breathlessness	3.37	0.99	4.00	0.00–5.00
5	Phlegm	3.91	1.17	4.00	1.00–5.00
6	Infections	2.87	1.48	3.00	0.00–5.00
7	Exercise	3.14	0.86	3.00	1.00–5.00
8	Smoking	3.97	0.82	4.00	2.00–5.00
9	Vaccination	2.87	1.23	3.00	0.00–5.00
10	Inhaled bronchodilators	3.51	1.16	4.00	1.00–5.00
11	Antibiotics	3.02	1.52	3.00	0.00–5.00
12	Oral steroids	1.89	1.64	2.00	0.00–5.00
13	Inhaled steroids	2.94	1.63	3.00	0.00–5.00
BCKQ overall		41.01	10.64	42.50	15.00–63.00

Abbreviations: BCKQ, Bristol COPD Knowledge Questionnaire; Min, minimum; Max, maximum.

Table 4 Factors associated with BCKQ overall score

Factorsa	Mean	SD	BCKQ overall score
			Coefficient	95% CI	P-value
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age (yr)			−0.072	(−0.408, 0.263)	0.672
Sex
Female	38.56	8.83
Male	41.25	10.81	2.921	(−5.453, 11.296)	0.494
Education (no formal school)	46.71	11.51			0.001
Postsecondary	26.67	3.79	−23.021	(−35.028, −11.015)	<0.001
Secondary	37.20	8.93	−8.005	(−15.309, −0.700)	0.032
Primary	40.69	9.90	−5.906	(−11.148, −0.664)	0.027
Smoking (nonsmoker)	41.00	9.85			0.744
Current smoker	43.31	10.22	4.968	(−9.947, 19.882)	0.514
Ex-smoker	40.56	10.80	3.026	(−10.510, 16.562)	0.661
Drinking (nondrinker)	41.53	9.52			0.020
Current drinker	30.83	5.49	−13.006	(−22.236, −3.776)	0.006
Ex-drinker	41.86	12.14	−1.990	(−6.143, 2.163)	0.348
Retired from working (No)	39.13	7.02
Yes	41.17	10.91	3.296	(−4.216, 10.808)	0.390
Recruited from medical SOPC (No)	40.35	10.92
Yes	43.65	9.21	0.441	(−5.176, 6.058)	0.878
Clinical characteristics
FEV1 in % predicted			0.025	(−0.116, 0.165)	0.730
Received COPD education (No)	40.28	10.76
Yes	41.50	10.61	−1.752	(−7.041, 3.537)	0.516
COPD severity (Stage I/II)	42.17	8.80			0.930
Stage III	40.00	11.45	−0.631	(−6.508, 5.247)	0.833
Stage IV	41.15	11.33	0.231	(−7.567, 8.029)	0.954
History of HT (No)	41.40	11.02
Yes	40.43	10.14	−1.465	(−5.589, 2.659)	0.486
History of DM (No)	40.77	10.32
Yes	42.62	12.91	2.548	(−3.611, 8.707)	0.417
History of BPH (No)	40.95	10.43
Yes	41.21	11.51	1.846	(−2.821, 6.513)	0.438
History of TB (No)	40.59	10.10
Yes	43.85	13.84	4.502	(−1.472, 10.475)	0.140

Note:

a Indicating the reference level of categorical variables in basket.

Abbreviations: BCKQ, Bristol COPD Knowledge Questionnaire; SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; yr, years; SOPC, specialist outpatient clinic; FEV, forced expiratory volume; HT, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia; TB, tuberculosis.