Community-acquired pneumonia and survival of critically ill acute exacerbation of COPD patients in respiratory intensive care units

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic data of AECOPD patients with and without CAP

Characteristics	AECOPD with CAP	AECOPD without CAP	P-value
Subjects (n)	38	42
Males (n)	28	30	1.000
Age (years)	74.11±8.02	75.36±8.23	0.559
COPD categories (n)			0.19
B subgroup	6	14
C subgroup	18	15
D subgroup	14	13
pH value	7.28±0.16	7.27±0.11	0.335
PaO2/FiO2	224.90±86.69	223.27±86.11	0.933
PaCO2 (mmHg)	74.22±30.81	86.54±26.38	0.037
Blood lactate (mmol/L)	1.55±1.07	1.30±0.66	0.420
Diabetes (n)	2	2	1.000
Hypertension (n)	13	15	1.000
APACHE II score	18.53±5.71	18.55±3.77	0.274
White blood cells (×10^9/L)	9.80±4.61	10.39±5.84	0.874
CRP (mg/L)	43.53±52.16	49.06±86.48	0.179
NIV failure (n)	16	15	0.648
Use of glucocorticoid	14	18	0.651
Length of stay (n)	9.80±4.61	11.31±5.03	0.204
Inhospital death (n)	16	8	0.030

Notes: Data are given as mean ± standard deviation, or n. Bold represents statistically significant.

Abbreviations: AECOPD, acute exacerbation of COPD; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; CRP, C-reactive protein; NIV, noninvasive ventilation.

Figure 1 Comparisons of survival time of critically ill AECOPD patients with and without CAP in RICU.

Note: Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis was performed, and log-rank test was used; P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Abbreviations: AECOPD, acute exacerbation of COPD; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; RICU, respiratory intensive care unit.

Table 2 Clinical characteristics regarding survival and nonsurvival in critical AECOPD patients

Characteristics	Survivals	Nonsurvivals	P-value
Subjects (n)	56	24
Males (n)	41	17	1.000
Age (years)	74.82±7.46	74.63±9.63	0.756
COPD categories (n)			0.58
B subgroup	15	5
C subgroup	21	12
D subgroup	20	7
pH value	7.28±0.14	7.27±0.13	0.661
PaO2/FiO2	219.91±78.98	229.79±88.73	0.371
PaCO2 (mmHg)	80.15±30.46	81.41±26.38	0.833
Blood lactate (mmol/L)	1.43±0.94	1.41±0.73	0.736
Diabetes (n)	4	0	0.311
Hypertension (n)	23	5	0.124
APACHE II score	17.52±3.55	21.10±6.22	0.031
White blood cells (×10^9/L)	10.14±5.66	10.04±4.34	0.611
CRP (mg/L)	45.17±80.97	49.37±45.28	0.039
NIV failure (n)	20	11	0.457
Use of glucocorticoid	20	12	0.320
Length of stay (n)	10.93±4.78	9.92±5.59	0.315
With CAP (n)	22	16	0.03

Notes: Data are given as mean ± standard deviation, or n. Bold represents statistically significant.

Abbreviations: AECOPD, acute exacerbation of COPD; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; CRP, C-reactive protein; NIV, noninvasive ventilation.

Table 3 Independent risk factors for inhospital mortality as indicated by Cox’s proportional hazards regression model analysis

Variable	OR	95% CI	P-value
CAP	5.077	1.658–15.542	0.004
CRP	1.00	0.99–1.009	0.808
NIV failure	0.53	0.058–1.614	0.163
PaO2/FiO2	0.997	0.991–1.004	0.424
Glucocorticoid use	0.969	0.342–2.748	0.953
Blood lactate	1.143	0.55–2.372	0.721
APACHE II score	1.173	1.024–1.343	0.021

Note: Bold represents statistically significant.

Abbreviations: APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; OR, odds ratio.