The objective evaluation of obstructive pulmonary diseases with spirometry

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of patients

Characteristics	Values
Age (years), mean ± SD (min–max)	55.3±14.5 (15–88)
Male/female	190 (80.9%)/45 (19.1%)
BMI; mean ± SD (min–max)	27.3±5.2 (15.1–44.3)
Smoking status
Nonsmoker, n (%)	46 (19.6)
Current smoker, n (%)	109 (46.4)
Ex-smoker, n (%)	80 (34)
Baseline spirometry
FVC (mL)
Mean ± SD (min–max)	2,825±1,108 (710–6,870)
%Predicted ± SD (min–max)	74.3±22.4 (24–155)
FEV1 (mL)
Mean ± SD (min–max)	1,789±774 (480–4,810)
%Pred ± SD (min–max)	58.1±20.0 (20–130)
FEV1/FVC
%Pred ± SD (min–max)	62.5±6.8 (39–70)

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; min, minimum; max, maximum; Pred, Predicted.

Table 2 Groups and reversibility ratios of patients

Types	n (%)
Asthma	58 (24.7)
ACOS	70 (29.8)
Chronic bronchitis	61 (26)
Emphysema	32 (13.6)
UNDO	14 (6)
EWA	4 (28.6)
EWCB	10 (71.4)
Reversibility
Yes	107 (45.5)
No	128 (54.5)

Abbreviations: ACOS, Asthma–COPD Overlap Syndrome; UNDO, undifferentiated obstruction; EWA, emphysema with asthma; EWCB, emphysema with chronic bronchitis.

Table 3 The demographic and spirometric results of groups

Characteristics	Asthma	ACOS	Chronic bronchitis	Emphysema	UNDO
Age (years), mean ± SD	39.1±14.5	57.9±10.4	59.1±8.3	66.2±9.6	67.9±6.1
Male/female	37/21	62/8	47/14	32/0	12/2
BMI; mean ± SD	27.2±5.4	28.3±4.9	27.5±5	24.5±4.2	27.5±7.3
Smoking status
Nonsmoker, n (%)	26 (44.8)	6 (8.6)	12 (19.7)	0	2 (14.3)
Current smoker, n (%)	29 (50)	38 (54.3)	28 (45.9)	11 (34.4)	3 (21.4)
Ex-smoker, n (%)	3 (5.2)	26 (37.1)	21 (34.4)	21 (65.6)	9 (64.3)
Baseline spirometry
FVC (mL)
Mean ± SD	3,442±1,294	2,777±1,047	2,719±881	2,331±783	2,105±989
%Pred ± SD	83±22.1	72±21.3	76.2±23.4	64.8±19.2	63.5±19
FEV1 (mL)
Mean ± SD	2,248±894	1,724±690	1,765±662	1,374±588	1,273±685
%Pred ± SD	64.6±19.0	55.7±18	61.9±21.7	48.5±18.5	48.7±18.4
FEV1/FVC
%Pred ± SD	64.7±5.7	61.7±6.3	64.4±6.1	57.5±7.7	59.6±7.1

Abbreviations: ACOS, Asthma–COPD Overlap Syndrome; UNDO, undifferentiated obstruction; BMI, body mass index; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; Pred, Predicted.

Table 4 The reversibility and postbronchodilator results of groups

Characteristics	Asthma	ACOS	Chronic bronchitis	Emphysema	UNDO
Reversibillity
Yes, n (%)	42 (72.4)	60 (85.7)	1 (1.6)	0	4 (28.5)
Change (mL), mean ± SD	375±227	382±168	106±62	51±44	172±109
Change, %pred ± SD	19±13.3	26.4±16.1	8.2±10.1	6.5±12.5	15.7±10.4
Postbronchodilator values
FEV1, %pred ± SD	75.5±20.2	68.5±17.7	65.9±22.3	50.4±18.8	55.5±19
FEV1/FVC, %pred ± SD	70±11.1	66.7±8.1	66.6±7.5	57.0±10.4	58.5±10.2

Abbreviations: ACOS, Asthma–COPD Overlap Syndrome; UNDO, undifferentiated obstruction; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; pred, predicted.

Figure 1 Distribution of patients.

Notes: The relationship between postbronchodilator change in FEV₁% and basal FEV₁% in groups: Group 1 (asthma), Group 2 (ACOS), Group 3 (chronic bronchitis), Group 4 (emphysema), and Group 5 (UNDO).

Abbreviations: ACOS, Asthma–COPD Overlap Syndrome; UNDO, undifferentiated obstruction; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second.

Figure 2 Distribution of patients.

Notes: The relationship between postbronchodilator change in FEV₁/FVC% and basal FEV₁/FVC in groups: Group 1 (asthma), Group 2 (ACOS), Group 3 (chronic bronchitis), Group 4 (emphysema), and Group 5 (UNDO).

Abbreviations: ACOS, Asthma–COPD Overlap Syndrome; UNDO, undifferentiated obstruction; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity.

Figure 3 The MATLAB 3D figure showing the relationship between FEV₁, postbronchodilator change in FEV₁%, and basal FEV₁% of patients.

Abbreviations: FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity.

Figure 4 The MATLAB 3D figure showing the relationship between postbronchodilator FEV₁/FVC%, postbronchodilator change in FEV₁%, and basal FEV₁/FVC% of patients.

Abbreviations: FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity.

Figure 5 The MATLAB 3D figure showing the relationship between postbronchodilator FEV₁%, postbronchodilator change in FEV₁%, and basal FEV₁% of patients.

Abbreviation: FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second.